Abbreviazioni tecniche

Nei manuali tecnici si trovano spesso abbreviazioni dei termini usati. Non c'è una normativa a riguardo, tali termini sono spesso a discrezione di chi li inventa e li adopera.

Per i simboli elettronici esistono codifiche come la IEC 60617, la IEEE Std 315 o la IEEE/ANSI 91/91a; per le unità di misura ci si deve riferire al Sistema Internazionale.

In linea di massima, però, alcuni termini sono entrati nell'uso comune, tanto che vengono internazionalmente riconosciuti, tipo TX per trasmettitore o Vcc per tensione di alimentazione.

Alcune abbreviazioni corrispondono a più significati, per esempio C che sta per "Condensatore" (Capacitor) e "Collettore" (Collector); ci si dovrà attenere quindi al contesto per usarle.

Qui di seguito un elenco delle abbreviazioni più comuni usate nei testi di elettronica e radiotecnica.

A

A	Anode
ac	alternating current
ACK	Acknowledgment
ACP	Adjacent Channel Power
ACS	Adjacent Channel Selectivity
A/D	analog-to-digital
ADC	analog-to-digital converter
AF	audio frequency
AFA	Adaptive Frequency Agility
AFC	automatic frequency control
AFSK	audio frequency-shift keying
AGC	automatic gain control
ALC	automatic level control
AM	amplitude modulation
AMSAT	Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation
AMTOR	Amateur Teleprinting Over Radio
ANT	antenna
APC	Adaptive Power Control
ARQ	Automatic repeat request
ASCII	American National Standard Code for Information Interchange
ATU	Antenna Tuner Unit
ATV	amateur television
AVC	automatic volume control
AVG	Average
AWG	American wire gauge
az-el	azimuth-elevation

B

B	Magnetic Field Flux, Base (BJT)
balun	balanced to unbalanced (transformer)
BC	broadcast
BCD	binary coded decimal
BCI	broadcast interference
BCL	Broadcast Listener
BER	bit error rate
BFO	beat-frequency oscillator
BJT	Bipolar Junction Transistor
BPF	band-pass filter
BPSK	Biphase-Shift Keying
BT	battery
BW	bandwidth

C

C	Capacitor, Collector (BJT)
CB	Citizens Band (radio)
CBBS	computer bulletin-board service
CBMS	computer-based message system
CCA	Clear Channel Assessment
CCITT	International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee
CCTV	closed-circuit television
CCW	coherent CW
ccw	counterclockwise
CISPR	International Special Committee on Radio Interference
CMOS	complementary-symmetry metal-oxide semiconductor
coax	coaxial cable
COR	carrier-operated relay
CPU	central processing unit
CRT	cathode ray tube
CTCSS	continuous tone-coded squelch system
CW	continuous wave

D

D	diode, Drain (FET)
D/A	digital-to-analog
DAC	digital-to-analog converter
dc	direct current
DC	Duty Cycle
DCT	Duty Cycle Template
DDS	direct digital synthesis
DET	detector
DF	direction finding
DIP	dual in-line package
DMM	digital multimeter
DPDT	double-pole double-throw (switch)
DPSK	differential phase-shift keying
DPST	double-pole single-throw (switch)
DS	direct sequence (spread spectrum)
DSB	double sideband
DSP	digital signal processing
DSSS	Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
DTMF	dual-tone multifrequency
DUT	Device Under Test
DVM	digital voltmeter
DX	long distance
DXCC	DX Century Club
DZ	Zener Diode

E

E	Electric Field, Emitter (BJT)
ECL	emitter-coupled logic
EFHW	End Fed Half Wave Antenna
E/H	Electromagnetic Field
EHF	extremely high frequency (30-300 GHz)
EIA	Electronic Industries Alliance
e.r.p.	effective radiated power
EIRP	effective isotropic radiated power
ELF	extremely low frequency
ELT	emergency locator transmitter
EMC	electromagnetic compatibility
EME	earth-moon-earth (moonbounce)
EMI	electromagnetic interference
EMP	electromagnetic pulse
EPROM	erasable programmable read only memory
EUT	Equipment Under Test

F

f	frequency
F	fuse
FAR	Fully Anechoic Room
fax	facsimile
FD	Field Day
FEC	Forward Error Correction
FET	field-effect transistor
FFT	fast Fourier transform
FHSS	Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
FL	filter
FM	frequency modulation
FMTV	frequency-modulated television
FSK	frequency-shift keying
FSTV	fast-scan (real-time) television

G

G	Conductance, Gate (FET), Grid (VT)
GaAsFET	gallium arsenide FET
GDO	grid- or gate-dip oscillator
GND	ground

H

H	Magnetic Field Strenght
HF	high frequency (3-30 MHz)
HPF	high-pass filter

I

I	Current
IARU	International Amateur Radio Union
IC	integrated circuit
ID	identification
IEEE	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IF	intermediate frequency
IMD	intermodulation distortion
I/O	input/output
IRC	international reply coupon
ISB	independent sideband
ITU	International Telecommunication Union
ITU-T	ITU Telecommunication Standardization Bureau

J

JFET	junction field-effect transistor

K

K

Cathode

L

L	inductor
LBT	Listen Before Talk
LC	inductance-capacitance
LCD	liquid crystal display
LDC/HR	Low Duty Cycle/High Reliability
LED	light-emitting diode
LF	low frequency (30-300 kHz)
LHC	left-hand circular (polarization)
LO	local oscillator
LPDA	Logarithmic Periodic Dipole Antenna
LS	loudspeaker
LSB	lower sideband
LSI	large-scale integration
LUF	lowest usable frequency

M

MCP	multimode communications processor
MDS	Multipoint Distribution Service
MF	medium frequency (300-3000 kHz)
MI	Message Initiator
mic	microphone
MIX	mixer
MMIC	Monolithic microwave integrated circuit
MOD	modulator
modem	modulator/demodulator
MOS	metal-oxide semiconductor
MOSFET	metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor
MR	Message Responder
MS	meteor scatter
MSI	medium-scale integration
MSK	minimum-shift keying
MSO	message storage operation
MUF	maximum usable frequency

N

n	number of turns (inductors)
NBFM	narrow-band frequency modulation
NC	no connection
NF	noise figure
NiCd	nickel cadmium
NiMH	nickel metal-hidrate
NMOS	N-channel metal-oxide silicon
NO	normally open
NPN	negative-positive-negative (transistor)

O

OATS	Open Area Test Site
OBW	Occupied BandWidth
OC	Operating Channel
OCW	Operating Channel Bandwidth
OFB	Operational Frequency Band
OFDM	Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation
OLED	Organic LED
OOB	Out Of Band
op amp	operational amplifier
OQPSK	Ortogonal Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying
OSC	oscillator
OSCAR	Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio

P

P	power
PA	power amplifier
PACTOR	digital mode combining aspects of packet and AMTOR
PAM	pulse-amplitude modulation
PBS	packet bulletin-board system
PC	printed circuit
PD	Power Density
PEP	peak envelope power
PEV	peak envelope voltage
PIN	positive-intrinsic-negative (semiconductor)
PLL	phase-locked loop
PM	phase modulation
PMOS	P-channel (metal-oxide semiconductor)
PNP	positive negative positive (transistor)
pot	potentiometer
P-P	peak to peak
PPM	Part per Million
PROM	programmable read-only memory
PSA	Polite Spectrum Access
PSD	Power Spectral Density
PSK	Phase-Shift keying
PTO	permeability-tuned oscillator
PTT	push to talk

Q

Q	figure of merit (tuned circuit)
QAM	Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QPSK	quadrature Phase-Shift Keying

R

R	resistor
RAM	random-access memory
RBW	Resolution BandWidth
RBWREF	REFerence Resolution BandWidth
RC	resistance-capacitance
R/C	radio control
RDF	radio direction finding
RF	radio frequency
RFC	radio-frequency choke
RFI	radio-frequency interference
RHC	right-hand circular (polarization)
RIT	receiver incremental tuning
RLC	resistance-inductance-capacitance
RMS	root mean square
ROM	read-only memory
RS	Radio Sputnik (Russian ham satellite)
RST	readability-strength-tone (CW signal report)
RTTY	radioteletype
RX	receiver, receiving

S

S	switch, Source (FET)
SA	Spectrum Analyser
SAR	Semi-Anechoic Room
SASE	self-addressed stamped envelope
SCR	silicon controlled rectifier
SHF	super-high frequency (3-30 GHz)
SiC	Silicon Carbide Technology
Si-Ge	Silicon-Germanium Technology
S/N	signal-to-noise ratio
SPDT	single-pole double-throw (switch)
SPST	single-pole single-throw (switch)
SR	Switching Range
SRD	Short Range Device
SS	spread spectrum
SSB	single sideband
SSI	small-scale integration
SSTV	slow-scan television
SX	simplex
sync	synchronous, synchronizing
SWL	shortwave listener
SWR	standing-wave ratio

T

T	transformer
TCP/IP	Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol
TCXO	Temperature Controlled Crystal Oscillator
TNC	terminal node controller (packet radio)
TR	Technical Report
TRX	transmit/receive
TTL	transistor-transistor logic
TTY	TeleType
TU	terminal unit
TV	television
TVI	television interference
TX	transmitter, transmitting

U

U	integrated circuit
UHF	ultra-high frequency (300 MHz to 3 GHz)
UN-UN	Unbalanced to Unbalanced Transformer
USB	Upper Sideband
UTC	Coordinated Universal Time (also abbreviated Z - Zulu)
UV	Ultra-Violet

V

V	Voltage
VBW	Video Bandwidth
VCO	Voltage-controlled Oscillator
VCR	Video Cassette Recorder
VCTCXO	Voltage Controlled TCXO
VDT	video-display terminal
VFO	variable-frequency oscillator
VHF	very-high frequency (30-300 MHz)
VLF	very-low frequency (3-30 kHz)
VLSI	very-large-scale integration
VMOS	V-topology metal-oxide semiconductor
VOM	volt-ohmmeter
VOX	voice-operated switch
VR	voltage regulator
VSWR	voltage standing-wave ratio
VT	Vacuum Tube
VTVM	vacuum-tube voltmeter
VUCC	VHF/UHF Century Club
VXO	variable-frequency crystal oscillator

W

WAC	Worked All Continents
WAS	Worked All States
WBFM	wide-band frequency modulation
WEFAX	weather facsimile
WRC	World Radiocommunication Conference

X

X	reactance
XCVR	transceiver
XFMR	transformer
XIT	transmitter incremental tuning
XO	crystal oscillator
XTAL	crystal
XVTR	transverter

Y

YIG	yttrium iron garnet

Z

Z	impedance, also see UTC

73 de Andy IV3ONZ

Link utili e bibliografia

• IEC 60617 - Graphical Symbols for Diagrams
• IEEE/ANSI 315-1975 - IEEE Standard for Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronics Diagrams (Including Reference Designation Letters)
• IEEE/ANSI 91/91a-1991 - IEEE Standard Graphic Symbols for Logic Functions (Including and incorporating IEEE Std 91a-1991, Supplement to IEEE Standard Graphic Symbols for Logic Functions)
• The International System of Units (SI)
• List of Abbreviations found in ARRL Publications