tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-61314875070498574172024-03-13T16:31:20.302+01:00IV3ONZ's Ham Radio BlogSito di informazione tecnologica, idee, didattica e radiotecnica amatoriale.IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.comBlogger77125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6131487507049857417.post-73797092464618164762023-02-12T13:28:00.000+01:002023-02-12T13:28:16.383+01:00Le antenne filari per onde corte<h3 style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1ANCz6Gu_OVfC2CweP9u2MT2IQciSztlIsscRU7Vc1wnpdF7ExmCL4kT6li0Eoe0cyzaY2AMDylVugw-1sFRvthJgaXURiM1h8KUWavxBHdoBkeZ8nvs0CTDFB9lu3jYQuLcooFzIbGuj4V1KPA3KaK_RRbSfgRXXppRkEVR42gIMiZmGiUMFkNW3/s4000/20220804_103214.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="3000" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1ANCz6Gu_OVfC2CweP9u2MT2IQciSztlIsscRU7Vc1wnpdF7ExmCL4kT6li0Eoe0cyzaY2AMDylVugw-1sFRvthJgaXURiM1h8KUWavxBHdoBkeZ8nvs0CTDFB9lu3jYQuLcooFzIbGuj4V1KPA3KaK_RRbSfgRXXppRkEVR42gIMiZmGiUMFkNW3/w150-h200/20220804_103214.jpg" width="150" /></a></div>Antenne per onde corte</h3><p style="text-align: left;">L'antenna è l'elemento più importante per la buona riuscita di un collegamento radio. Quindi, è d'obbligo scegliere l'antenna giusta per ogni applicazione.</p><p style="text-align: left;">In generale, un filo di lunghezza qualunque può funzionare come antenna: è comunque importante avere un <b>buon piano di massa come riferimento</b>, oppure un <b>contrappeso elettrico</b> o usare un'<b>antenna bilanciata</b>.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Altra cosa importante è l'<b>altezza dal suolo</b> e la <b>posizione rispetto ad ostacoli</b>, come pareti, alberi o strutture metalliche. Vedete a questo proposito i <a href="https://iv3onz.blogspot.com/2022/10/la-propagazione-dei-segnali-radio.html">post sulla propagazione</a> in questo blog.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Le <b>antenne filari</b> sono le più facili ed economiche da costruire: i materiali usati sono spesso cavo isolato per impianti elettrici e scatole di derivazione, nonchè supporti realizzati recuperando oggetti di uso comune.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Sono antenne che, per la loro semplicità, ingombro minimo e peso ridotto, sono ampiamente impiegate in <b>operazioni in portatile</b>.</p><h3>Il Bal-Un</h3><p>Le antenne qui descritte hanno la caratteristica di essere di tipo <b>bilanciato</b>, o comunque di considerare parte attiva anche la linea di trasmissione.</p><p>Per poter funzionare correttamente, questi tipi di antenne devono raccordarsi almeno ad una <b>linea bilanciata</b>, tipo le piattine bifilari da 200 o 300 Ω.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkKQPPg8UG8UfFNIt84iGYOr_VTCWqcbDKbpBA2MFB6MnmNb59a3QxBoeudldrHkCDVq6lAKFRgdivUoKDgKtgvMrHdINWdiQj_eyce7YWph0E_5aM0j6eW2LSb7do4UqbIEVwRdiI0qQJ2JdtYC8EOxaDSsaor98bRxS7DxA66EtxKt4RCZEg3Hk4/s3264/20230111_191339.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkKQPPg8UG8UfFNIt84iGYOr_VTCWqcbDKbpBA2MFB6MnmNb59a3QxBoeudldrHkCDVq6lAKFRgdivUoKDgKtgvMrHdINWdiQj_eyce7YWph0E_5aM0j6eW2LSb7do4UqbIEVwRdiI0qQJ2JdtYC8EOxaDSsaor98bRxS7DxA66EtxKt4RCZEg3Hk4/w200-h150/20230111_191339.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><p>In questo tipo di linea, i campi elettromagnetici emessi dalle correnti di andata e ritorno si annullano reciprocamente, evitando di irradiare nello spazio circostante.</p><p>Se si usa un cavo coassiale, cioè una <b>linea sbilanciata</b>, il campo elettromagnetico emesso dalla corrente di ritorno non potrà controbilanciare quello della corrente di andata, irradiandosi all'esterno.</p><p>Il cavo si comporterà quindi da <b>antenna</b>, irradiando specialmente all'interno della casa, in modo particolare nella sala radio.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkIvi3um4m_Gb3scn6aznQyY3ixdxN1s52PcnQZvvqgAIuwkUy1ond3eUTeJbwOFv7-7tyEB-DBCNKQwHzT9jmcIgHbkyVl6gA9kJyE0FfuAHSxl5zigBdMMMM8wvLjkgYk4M3eVAxB9rQsYOFFY8JGV6k1Nry1Lgxuk8U8MTXLgw-9wFUqhC-Qsh3/s818/fig03.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="376" data-original-width="818" height="147" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkIvi3um4m_Gb3scn6aznQyY3ixdxN1s52PcnQZvvqgAIuwkUy1ond3eUTeJbwOFv7-7tyEB-DBCNKQwHzT9jmcIgHbkyVl6gA9kJyE0FfuAHSxl5zigBdMMMM8wvLjkgYk4M3eVAxB9rQsYOFFY8JGV6k1Nry1Lgxuk8U8MTXLgw-9wFUqhC-Qsh3/s320/fig03.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>Per eliminare questo effetto, si usa il <b>Bal-Un</b>. Il nome deriva da <i><b>Balanced-Unbalanced</b></i>: è in genere un <b>circuito magnetico</b> che, sfruttando il modo particolare di far circolare la corrente RF, blocca la parte di campo elettromagnetico emessa dalla calza del cavo coassiale.<p></p><p>Viene realizzato avvolgendo due circuiti magnetici su un nucleo, di solito <i>toroidale</i>. Gli avvolgimenti fanno in modo che il flusso prodotto si annulli nel nucleo, lasciando passare solo la corrente a radiofrequenza.</p><p>Questo tipo di Bal-Un è generalmente a <b>larga banda</b> e non fa trasformazione di impedenza; la banda passante dipende dal tipo di materiale componente il nucleo (ferrite, non ossidi di ferro), dal tipo di cavo e dall'isolante usato per gli avvolgimenti. Cavo che può essere anche di tipo coassiale.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEjAEC1_wkOj06fspFGZ_ghnQiOuzOKV0CkGb7KQtyaMdxIjz_wPM_t8b8kqOOKhOiK_8qrC1XAruOXiDazIUGM0oGCR7KeHiSm6L5sZzwzwoFOCGqNmLBZD6PwLMPT5ZJ6W7BQ3lJogwdt-zCjH6BY1OB3zbzLV-aHjuzknY1N4ywzBFyziEZ8aDQ/s585/fig04.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="526" data-original-width="585" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEjAEC1_wkOj06fspFGZ_ghnQiOuzOKV0CkGb7KQtyaMdxIjz_wPM_t8b8kqOOKhOiK_8qrC1XAruOXiDazIUGM0oGCR7KeHiSm6L5sZzwzwoFOCGqNmLBZD6PwLMPT5ZJ6W7BQ3lJogwdt-zCjH6BY1OB3zbzLV-aHjuzknY1N4ywzBFyziEZ8aDQ/w200-h180/fig04.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>Un altro tipo di Bal-Un viene realizzato con componenti passivi: due reti di sfasamento a +90° e -90° che congiungono la parte bilanciata in un unico punto sbilanciato rispetto a massa:<p></p>Essendo composto da elementi reattivi, lavora in una ristretta banda di frequenze ed è dimensionato in base all'impedenza di ingresso ed uscita.<br /><p>Viene impiegato soprattutto dalle VHF in su, dove le ferriti iniziano a far sentire i loro limiti con le perdite.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTZIzFixoGkOlYWmo5yFnLxsRsPsfDCp7JSSA3_M_DzIcORm2PmYX4CZHsXHW-omtEiAtr_iY4SIEc_KQ5jHH0a8gkYVTOY1ma-ppAE3ARrIDhH65AlB-GKcQ90xhssZFQA1zD-l07WyepRBT82T-iF-ne3YRZyraKQUgWely5v7xU08ghDXAU2IB3/s662/fig06.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="552" data-original-width="662" height="167" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTZIzFixoGkOlYWmo5yFnLxsRsPsfDCp7JSSA3_M_DzIcORm2PmYX4CZHsXHW-omtEiAtr_iY4SIEc_KQ5jHH0a8gkYVTOY1ma-ppAE3ARrIDhH65AlB-GKcQ90xhssZFQA1zD-l07WyepRBT82T-iF-ne3YRZyraKQUgWely5v7xU08ghDXAU2IB3/w200-h167/fig06.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><p></p><p>Se il Bal-Un viene realizzato a <b>trasformatore</b>, in base al rapporto spire si ottiene un rapporto tra le impedenze di antenna e linea. Questo diventa utile per trasformare l'impedenza elevata di particolari antenne, come il dipolo ripiegato, a quella standard di 50 Ω.</p><p>Se gli avvolgimenti non sono di tipo bilanciato, si ottiene alora un trasformatore <b>Unbalanced-Unbalanced</b> (<i>Un-Un</i>).</p><h3><br /></h3><h3>La Long Wire</h3><p>Un filo di lunghezza qualunque. E' questa l'antenna più semplice da realizzare. Più lungo è il filo, migliore potrà essere la resa.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcUBvgwSjxZ-o3MxFY7ZFQlA5UbuN2rtmgWSzG8XZ0jqJjpbwLCPksQyHialFc0oPc_TXjGFAzqQsOm2Fa4_dY1HKsJgfOrMn1D4bTX9RaUg_8tsQF6f49EksD9c2D4Uyfk1ECFXQItQeK_HJDPui-K3fbDod39xyFKG6eXAn4P17oaaJzjciwRrGR/s701/fig09.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="701" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcUBvgwSjxZ-o3MxFY7ZFQlA5UbuN2rtmgWSzG8XZ0jqJjpbwLCPksQyHialFc0oPc_TXjGFAzqQsOm2Fa4_dY1HKsJgfOrMn1D4bTX9RaUg_8tsQF6f49EksD9c2D4Uyfk1ECFXQItQeK_HJDPui-K3fbDod39xyFKG6eXAn4P17oaaJzjciwRrGR/s320/fig09.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p>Ciò che interessa a noi, è l'impedenza presentata alla linea. Giocando con un'ampia banda di frequenze, l'impedenza varia da pochi ohm a decine di migliaia di ohm, che potrebbero non essere adattati facilmente alla radio.</p><p></p><p>Ci sono due modi di utilizzare queste antenne. Se analizziamo l'andamento dell'impedenza Z<span style="font-size: xx-small;">0</span> in funzione della frequenza f, otterremo dei minimi e dei massimi.</p><p>Le <b>End Feed Half Wave Antenna</b> sono lunghe 1/2 λ; presentano quindi una elevata impedenza. Si può ridurre questo valore con un trasformatore Un-Un 9:1 o 16:1, seguito da un Bal-Un. Se calcolate per la frequenza più bassa, ad esempio 3.5 MHz, si possono utilizzare anche a 7, 14 e 28 MHz. Il match è ottenuto con una rete LC parallelo.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6DRKPrktmgdbPizP3lTXp5KqeUFOr45x35PQYXlBn4ix_hww1C0n4GXTQP8A257cQ2KaX--uy5rnu2cmQ5rV-tmTFvOqbMncmAmdarz752e7C0A109NxsBW9CNu9R4wU9nocffYz0AoGnB6I1rn3m3syTOgd1kjPP1hdWdhhDRs-3HKfDoQeJH91R/s935/fig10.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="623" data-original-width="935" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6DRKPrktmgdbPizP3lTXp5KqeUFOr45x35PQYXlBn4ix_hww1C0n4GXTQP8A257cQ2KaX--uy5rnu2cmQ5rV-tmTFvOqbMncmAmdarz752e7C0A109NxsBW9CNu9R4wU9nocffYz0AoGnB6I1rn3m3syTOgd1kjPP1hdWdhhDRs-3HKfDoQeJH91R/s320/fig10.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p>Le <b>Random Wire Antenna</b> invece utilizzano le zone ad impedenza più bassa, attorno a 200 Ω. Entro un certo limite, con un trasformatore 4:1 seguito da un Bal-Un, si riescono ad accordare più o meno tutte le bande. Il match è ottenuto con una rete LC ad L o a pi-greco.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbTfLhK1b1AlLiRfUC5G30UlNVAMKWf3mdvLZEtQSGxNf9TIl9GF6hhTfT3F6Yz2T9lqGWi6j3gCnW3o3Hs4Zz1mAdMuRgpdio6Gnre1GN7mUoqdgAoOGMfidGVG8UbLBmlXzgLFjXrJNmPbzvA72dXjskdwC1k_EUvZM3gwFY5xcHjh9_hTzo6wMW/s961/fig11.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="577" data-original-width="961" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbTfLhK1b1AlLiRfUC5G30UlNVAMKWf3mdvLZEtQSGxNf9TIl9GF6hhTfT3F6Yz2T9lqGWi6j3gCnW3o3Hs4Zz1mAdMuRgpdio6Gnre1GN7mUoqdgAoOGMfidGVG8UbLBmlXzgLFjXrJNmPbzvA72dXjskdwC1k_EUvZM3gwFY5xcHjh9_hTzo6wMW/s320/fig11.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p>La lunghezza non è propriamente casuale, va cercata quella che riesce a realizzare un compromesso tra bande di frequenza e valori attorno a 200 Ω. L'uso del Bal-Un è sempre obbligatorio, assieme ad una buona messa a terra o ground plane.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Il dipolo semplice</h3>La più classica delle antenne è il <b>dipolo semplice</b>. E' formato da due conduttori lunghi un quarto di lunghezza d'onda, tenendo poi conto del fattore di velocità dei cavi, che può essere da 0.66 a 0.9, a seconda del conduttore usato.<p></p><p style="text-align: left;">La linea di alimentazione è presa alla metà, usando un cavo coassiale collegato con il centrale ad un braccio e la calza all'altro.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq9OsIzki9LTuxMZjNZdhwpM_ww6vwLIEKKZh-Rpcfu-cDhXlTy4TUUusOqtZVgsiwACCJepyhPkqAPb-MU7_nPW5QN-bR7PEm7wqVcfe2G7OVgwblD8KAF9IDaTYzuypqrhYD__rP5CHth9xRzT9NTl6RTMFSx-oxGV_lgq8fj_ZNboaG95jibTKP/s597/fig01.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="506" data-original-width="597" height="169" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq9OsIzki9LTuxMZjNZdhwpM_ww6vwLIEKKZh-Rpcfu-cDhXlTy4TUUusOqtZVgsiwACCJepyhPkqAPb-MU7_nPW5QN-bR7PEm7wqVcfe2G7OVgwblD8KAF9IDaTYzuypqrhYD__rP5CHth9xRzT9NTl6RTMFSx-oxGV_lgq8fj_ZNboaG95jibTKP/w200-h169/fig01.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><p style="text-align: left;">Il guadagno del dipolo semplice, rispetto al dipolo isotropico, è di 2.15 dB, l'impedenza è di 72 Ω.</p><p style="text-align: left;">I due bracci sono tenuti assieme meccanicamente da un supporto isolante. Come cavo va benissimo quello da 75 ohm normalmente usato per le discese televisive.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Importante è isolare dagli agenti atmosferici i collegamenti elettrici esposti all'esterno con vernice e nastro isolante, magari del tipo auto-amalgamante.</p><p style="text-align: left;">In questo tipo di antenne risonanti, la corrente sarà massima al centro (morsetto di antenna) e minima agli estremi; di conseguenza, la tensione sarà minima al centro e massima alle estremità. Collegare quindi queste estremità a dei tiranti con degli ottimi isolatori ceramici o in teflon: devono sopportare elevate tensioni a radiofrequenza e reggere agli agenti atmosferici.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Il dipolo semplice è un'antenna di tipo bilanciato, quindi per funzionare <b>non ha bisogno di un piano di massa</b>.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Il dipolo ripiegato</h3><div><p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_zo3FHaDio2ql1fGPjWt3p_GgBX2w5oRxKyjuGMZEeQtXcNISYMkvRXK7Hl2MkOHY0DRlnikC7kPRea75VyvzzVMEj7-1EDnd0V0YzvbGzLOIIJx2eYmvkx5qq92OydG2ceWPu4Qq_Wrh4oYrwg3dfGBagz2D0Aij1AL4EFN5xX2B-z1KULKpESNe/s597/fig02.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="506" data-original-width="597" height="169" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_zo3FHaDio2ql1fGPjWt3p_GgBX2w5oRxKyjuGMZEeQtXcNISYMkvRXK7Hl2MkOHY0DRlnikC7kPRea75VyvzzVMEj7-1EDnd0V0YzvbGzLOIIJx2eYmvkx5qq92OydG2ceWPu4Qq_Wrh4oYrwg3dfGBagz2D0Aij1AL4EFN5xX2B-z1KULKpESNe/w200-h169/fig02.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>Si tratta di due fili paralleli e distanziati tra di loro, uniti alle estremità, ed uno di questi è un dipolo tradizionale.<p></p><p style="text-align: left;">Nel tratto che unisce il dipolo dai due estremi la corrente circola in modo invertito rispetto al dipolo, in accordo con le leggi di propagazione in una linea di trasmissione.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Il risultato è un'antenna la cui impedenza è di 300 Ω. Con un Bal-Un 4:1 il cavo coassiale sarà da 75 Ω.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Il guadagno del dipolo ripiegato, rispetto al dipolo isotropico, è di circa 2.38 dB.</p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">La "V invertita"</h3><p style="text-align: left;">La "<b>V invertita</b>" (<i>Inverted V antenna</i>) in pratica un dipolo semplice con i rami che scendono verso terra, formando tra di loro un angolo di 90...120 °.</p><p style="text-align: left;">La lunghezza dei rami, oltre ad essere raccorciata dal fattore di velocità, risulterà ultreriormente più corta a causa della inclinazione dei due semidipoli. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6XFFiYzhddVPdkIrlpMt7EauHCyzMUv5gkYd56KBfkdLbas-xjusFPIWAVcLdcvDSIKyv-xGUCBnCeY9ZsyexJI_xWqE-K9c3EAKprBJ0r3XG9LGTRThudCU9caPxaTmK--8ZZ1SXlGHeWNb-9OsmWhIYeb5UGdY3Ai9z78aE8GCMO_aLtojGF34x/s1026/fig05.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="565" data-original-width="1026" height="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6XFFiYzhddVPdkIrlpMt7EauHCyzMUv5gkYd56KBfkdLbas-xjusFPIWAVcLdcvDSIKyv-xGUCBnCeY9ZsyexJI_xWqE-K9c3EAKprBJ0r3XG9LGTRThudCU9caPxaTmK--8ZZ1SXlGHeWNb-9OsmWhIYeb5UGdY3Ai9z78aE8GCMO_aLtojGF34x/w400-h220/fig05.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: left;">Essendo l'angolo dei due rami inferiore a 180 °, l'impedenza ai morsetti sarà inferiore a 72 Ω, raggiungendo circa i 50 Ω con un angolo di 120 °.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Per ragioni di sicurezza, oltre a limitare l'effetto del suolo, tenere le estrmità ad almeno tre metri di altezza: come in tutti i dipoli avremo in questi punti il massimo della tensione a radiofrequenza.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">La "L Rovesciata"</h3></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheUvdP6QlaIDD3cT51-wkFpbugI9tOD4VTSOXO5iBWCxirr-cd3PtbxuemR0iEjgX_6RMzmkk-Xnjmq-NOwO67qVlXEtX37h9hSat76y3HU0pVCE6MHfoA-GYzPqeNak7nlpQXAoX2e8RgxU0eQD13FvyziEGkvpzdYyeUfGbtjRT6G-9nxiOQGl5E/s766/fig07.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="623" data-original-width="766" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheUvdP6QlaIDD3cT51-wkFpbugI9tOD4VTSOXO5iBWCxirr-cd3PtbxuemR0iEjgX_6RMzmkk-Xnjmq-NOwO67qVlXEtX37h9hSat76y3HU0pVCE6MHfoA-GYzPqeNak7nlpQXAoX2e8RgxU0eQD13FvyziEGkvpzdYyeUfGbtjRT6G-9nxiOQGl5E/s320/fig07.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p style="text-align: left;">
Per la costruzione di una <b>"L rovesciata"</b> (<i>Inverted L antenna</i>) è sufficiente disporre di un cavo elettrico in PVC, da 4 mm², lungo un pò di più di un quarto d'onda e teso tra due sostegni.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Il lato orizzontale viene ancorato tra due camini o ai pali di sostegno, tramite degli isolatori, oppure con degli spezzoni di corda di nylon, che assicurano un buon isolamento.</p><p style="text-align: left;">La discesa è la seconda parte dell'antenna ed è realizzata con lo stesso cavo, steso verticalmente. Va terminata presso il connettore per antenna esterna della radio, curando soprattutto una <b>buona messa a terra</b>.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Essendo un'antenna tipicamente induttiva, va collegata alla radio con un condensatore variabile per cancellare la reattanza positiva. Il valore dipende dalle dimensioni dell'antenna e varia da 100 a 1000 pF.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Per ottenere buoni risultati, è bene che queste antenne siano sistemate nel <b>luogo più alto dell'edificio</b>, lontano da ostacoli naturali come tetti e camini e lontano da oggetti metallici.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">La Windom</h3><p style="text-align: left;">L'antenna che richiede meno lavoro e che presenta il migliore rapporto costo-prestazione per i nostri scopi è l'<b>antenna Windom</b>, che consiste in un dipolo teso orizzontalmente dal quale la discesa viene derivata fuori centro, realizzando così due bracci lunghi rispettivamente un terzo e due terzi della lunghezza totale.</p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBlTnjw-syI2dpZ4VVnSyQQHfrMZR_3BpSX8pahUUAy2t44828t3oJ3-1n44asWBtR8NJz721rrCIZwD3cPaLTD--5GZo1T1-FuPEB7oyeXd1ccAhDjjUzWMDl599ch5khek52FB5xv5vQk3HRbPyUAfoHfzAfYCHRHCe8S_vZ2l5CSPEDNb93Vkli/s942/fig08.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="727" data-original-width="942" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBlTnjw-syI2dpZ4VVnSyQQHfrMZR_3BpSX8pahUUAy2t44828t3oJ3-1n44asWBtR8NJz721rrCIZwD3cPaLTD--5GZo1T1-FuPEB7oyeXd1ccAhDjjUzWMDl599ch5khek52FB5xv5vQk3HRbPyUAfoHfzAfYCHRHCe8S_vZ2l5CSPEDNb93Vkli/s320/fig08.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>Essendo fuori centro, l'impedenza è maggiore di 50 Ω, tipicamente 300 Ω.<p></p><p style="text-align: left;">In origine, la discesa era un singolo conduttore collegato alla parte orizzontale. In questo modo, però, il conduttore faceva parte dell'antenna, insomma irradiava, con grossi problemi di "<i>RF in the shack</i>". Può andar bene se si usa soltanto in ricezione.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Attualmente, questo tipo di antenna collega la discesa o ad una linea bilanciata a 300 Ω, oppure ad un trasformatore di impedenza ed ad un Bal-Un, spostando il punto di alimentazione.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Questa antenna ha la massima resa per i segnali che giungono ortogonali alla direzione del conduttore ed ha il massimo rendimento in corrispondenza della sua frequenza di risonanza, calcolata come per i dipoli semplici.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Quindi, se ci interessano i 20 metri (centro banda a circa 14250 kHz per la fonia), la lunghezza totale del filo teso sarà di 145.000:14250 = 10,175 metri e la discesa sarà collegata ad un terzo, cioè a 3,392 metri da una estremità.</p><p style="text-align: left;">L'antenna Windom, se sufficientemente lunga, puo essere poi usata anche per lavorare su altre gamme di frequenza, lavorando in armonica.<br /></p><h3><p style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><b><i>73 de Andy IV3ONZ</i></b></p><p style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><b><i><br /></i></b></p></h3><h3>Link utili e bibliografia:</h3><h3><ul><li style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;">"ARRL Antenna Book", 21st Edition</li><li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><i>Constantine A Balanis</i>, "Antenna Theory Analysis and Design" 2nd Ed., © 1982-1997 John Wiley & Sons</span></span></li></ul></h3></div>IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6131487507049857417.post-90913383033333166992023-01-11T18:28:00.006+01:002023-01-14T11:40:19.393+01:00Caratteristiche delle antenne<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUaIJ0K9M1DiwBlXDAlX-rf1Ci2BKRa-zz2JbqqXjSOEMN_23cMuAD5Do_LWGU4Mr3aY5xl_F_OkVXPxVp4m0hVkIbAXo2GuVjLn4Gj3JHMvoanFTokbG081XZUNRIQl7R920gtrvzM6v-86wnfFLdHcx0rW6fpmLunYxrHLIjXPrJEbyFZORVR23n/s3264/20180701_103816.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUaIJ0K9M1DiwBlXDAlX-rf1Ci2BKRa-zz2JbqqXjSOEMN_23cMuAD5Do_LWGU4Mr3aY5xl_F_OkVXPxVp4m0hVkIbAXo2GuVjLn4Gj3JHMvoanFTokbG081XZUNRIQl7R920gtrvzM6v-86wnfFLdHcx0rW6fpmLunYxrHLIjXPrJEbyFZORVR23n/w200-h150/20180701_103816.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><p style="text-align: left;"></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Dimensionare un'antenna</h3>In un'antenna, analogamente alle linee di trasmissione, le componenti di induttanza, capacità e resistenza sono distribuite in modo pressoché uniforme lungo tutto il filo. Supponendo che la velocità di propagazione del segnale sia uguale a quella della luce (c = 300000 km/s), la distanza che esso percorrerà in un ciclo sarà uguale a detta velocità c diviso la frequenza f:<p></p><p></p><p style="text-align: center;">λ = c / f</p><p>dove <span style="text-align: center;">λ è la <b>lunghezza d'onda</b>. </span>Quando il filo sarà lungo pari a <b>λ/2</b>, avremo la lunghezza della linea alla <b>frequenza di risonanza</b>, ovvero otterremo ai capi dell'antenna una <b>pura resistenza</b>.</p><p>La formula teorica quindi per calcolare la lunghezza totale l in metri di un'<b>antenna risonante</b> ad una data frequenza f in Hertz, sarà:</p><p style="text-align: center;">l = 300 x 10⁶ / 2f</p><p>La lunghezza elettrica di un'antenna filare non è nella realtà uguale alla lunghezza fisica espressa in lunghezze d'onda o frazioni.</p><p>Antenne realizzate con materiali diversi avranno lunghezze fisiche diverse. A determinare la lunghezza fisica di un'antenna entra in gioco principalmente il <b>dielettrico </b>usato come isolante, con minor impatto poi il <b>materiale conduttore</b> ed il <b>rapporto </b>tra la lunghezza del filo ed il suo diametro.</p><p>La formula quindi per calcolare la lunghezza effettiva di un'antenna dovrà essere corretta da un fattore k, <b>sempre minore di uno</b>:</p><p style="text-align: center;">l = k λ/2</p><p>dove k è il <b>fattore di velocità</b> del conduttore.</p><h3>Impedenza</h3><p>L'impedenza di antenna nel punto di alimentazione dipende dal rapporto</p><p style="text-align: center;">Z<span style="font-size: xx-small;">L</span> = V / I</p><p>e questo valore cambia da 0 ad infinito a seconda della lunghezza dei conduttori di antenna rispetto alla risonanza.</p><p>Spostando il punto di alimentazione rispetto il centro fisico, l'impedenza dell'antenna varia sino ad ottenere valori molto alti se il punto coincide con l'estremità.</p><p>Convenzionalmente, i valori più comuni di impedenza sono 50 Ω, ma valori inferiori o superiori possono essere facilmente ottenuti, tipicamente 75 Ω o 300 Ω.</p><p>Da notare che, nella pratica, difficilmente si potranno ottenere i valori teorici di impedenza.</p><p>Questo dipenderà da fattori esterni, quali la distanza dal suolo o da un piano di massa, la vicinanza di ostacoli, ecc.</p><div style="text-align: left;"><h3 style="text-align: left;">Guadagno ed Efficenza</h3><p>Il <b>guadagno </b>di un'antenna viene di solito definito come <b>guadagno assoluto</b>, ovvero riferito al radiatore isotropico, ottenuto in una data direzione.</p><p>Il guadagno massimo sarà ovviamente associato alla direzione del lobo principale.</p><p>Nelle misure, viene spesso in pratica rapportato al guadagno di un'antenna di riferimento, avente caratteristiche note, come un dipolo semplice oppure il radiatore isotropico.</p><p>Il guadagno viene espresso in <b>dBd </b>se riferito al dipolo semplice, oppure in <b>dBi </b>se riferito al radiatore isotropico. L'equivalenza tra le due espressioni è la seguente:</p><p style="text-align: center;">[dBd] = [dBi] - 2.15</p><p>L'<b>efficienza</b> di un'antenna tiene conto delle perdite, dovute per esempio al disadattamento con la linea di trasmissione, dalle dimensioni fisiche, dalla presenza di ostacoli, ma anche per perdite dovute ai materiali impiegati nella realizzazione.</p><p>E'data dal rapporto tra la potenza radiata (ERP) e la potenza <span style="text-align: center;">P</span><span style="font-size: xx-small; text-align: center;">0</span><span style="text-align: center;"> </span>applicata ai morsetti:</p><p style="text-align: center;">eff = ERP / P<span style="font-size: xx-small;">0</span></p><p style="text-align: left;">ed è un numero puro sempre minore di 1.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Effective Aperture Size</h3><p>Un'antenna ha una dimensione effettiva reale che è maggiore della sua dimensione fisica a causa della influenza con i campi elettromagnetici che la circonda.</p><p><b>L'apertura effettiva di un'antenna ricevente</b> (<i>Effective Aperture Size</i>) è la superficie effettiva che cattura tutta la potenza che la attraversa e la fornisce ai terminali dell'antenna (area di cattura).</p><p>L'area di apertura effettiva di un'antenna in ricezione, A<span style="font-size: xx-small;">R</span>, è correlata al suo guadagno G<span style="font-size: xx-small;">R</span>:</p><p style="text-align: center;">A<span style="font-size: xx-small;">R</span> = G<span style="font-size: xx-small;">R</span> λ²/4π</p><p>Nota la densità di potenza P<span style="font-size: xx-small;">D</span>, la potenza ricevuta P<span style="font-size: xx-small;">R</span> sarà data da:</p><p style="text-align: center;">P<span style="font-size: xx-small;">R</span> = P<span style="font-size: xx-small;">D</span>A<span style="font-size: xx-small;">R</span> = P<span style="font-size: xx-small;">D</span>G<span style="font-size: xx-small;">R</span>λ<span style="text-align: center;">²</span>/4π</p><h3>Antenna Factor AF ed altezza efficace in ricezione</h3><p>Il <b>Fattore di Antenna</b> (Antenna Factor, AF) è definito come il rapporto tra il campo elettrico E prodotto da una certa antenna ed il valore di tensione V presente ai morsetti della stessa. E' un parametro utile nelle misure di campo, dal quale è facile risalire alla potenza applicata e viceversa. Si misura in dB/m o 1/m.</p><p>Poichè il campo elettrico prodotto da un'antenna è indipendente dalla frequenza, è facile risalire ad esso conoscendo l'AF e la tensione (o potenza) applicata, nota l'impedenza di antenna.</p><p>L'<b>altezza efficace</b> è il reciproco dell'antenna factor ed indica il punto dove l'intensità di campo elettrico presente di fronte ad un'antenna ricevente genera la massima tensione ai morsetti. E' il rapporto tra la tensione ai morsetti ed il campo elettrico, si misura in metri.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Banda passante</h3><p>Le antenne risonanti hanno una banda passante ridotta, dovuta all’effetto della risonanza.</p><p>La <b>banda passante</b> di un'antenna è il range di frequenze nel quale le caratteristiche dell'antenna non degradano in modo sostanziale, secondo standard definiti.</p><p>Poiché la banda passante è influenzata da diversi fattori (impedenza di ingresso, pattern, lobo principale, polarizzazione, lobi secondari, guadagno, efficienza, dimensioni geometriche) si definisce la banda passante come <b>funzione della variazione di impedenza di ingresso</b>.</p><p>Considerando quindi il <b>disadattamento </b>con la linea di trasmissione, cioè un valore di onde stazionarie, generalmente la banda passante cade in quei valori di ROS <b>minori di 2 : 1</b>.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Polarizzazione</h3><p>La <b>polarizzazione </b>di un'antenna in una data direzione coincide con la polarizzazione del campo elettromagnetico emesso dall'antenna stessa. Essa è riferita al lobo principale.</p><p>La polarizzazione coincide in pratica con il <b>piano contenente il campo elettrico</b>, parallelo al piano contenente il dipolo.</p><p>Il campo magnetico si dispone in modo <b>ortogonale </b>(a 90°) rispetto al campo elettrico.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTUu0jfa1AMF3X2bN_12PStN6nHEcf6S1ot_x8OWUA9k4OGsfeJvLea70OcoW_hl7yTHod4V-4xiUFzcxD8pkaz7a-ur5_Z1GIcX6MT0J7tCGfNYzDQmoNDWNHNeypG6o0J7uFBn2nN1M32bDahwWeajiNwsfojo0VBN1DskVGDMArQPZjcob-Xvbh/s1130/fig02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="740" data-original-width="1130" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTUu0jfa1AMF3X2bN_12PStN6nHEcf6S1ot_x8OWUA9k4OGsfeJvLea70OcoW_hl7yTHod4V-4xiUFzcxD8pkaz7a-ur5_Z1GIcX6MT0J7tCGfNYzDQmoNDWNHNeypG6o0J7uFBn2nN1M32bDahwWeajiNwsfojo0VBN1DskVGDMArQPZjcob-Xvbh/s320/fig02.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p>A distanze sufficientemente lontane dall'antenna (<i>far field</i>), affinchè le onde emesse possano essere considerate piane, la direzione della componente elettrica del campo elettromagnetico coincide con la direzione del conduttore di antenna.</p><p>La polarizzazione di un'antenna coincide quindi con la posizione relativa del campo elettrico rispetto al suolo.</p><p>Esistono tre tipi di polarizzazione comunemente usati:</p><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>polarizzazione lineare;</li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>polarizzazione circolare;</li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>polarizzazione ellittica.</li></ul><p></p><p></p><p>La <b>polarizzazione lineare</b> comprende la <b>polarizzazione orizzontale</b> e la <b>polarizzazione verticale</b>; il piano del campo elettrico, in campo lontano, non cambia.</p><p>Combinando opportunamente due antenne, incrociandole ed alimentandole uno sfasata di 90° rispetto all'altra, il campo elettrico <b>ruota </b>rispetto al suolo, in direzione destrorsa o sinistrorsa; si parla così di <b>polarizzazione circolare</b>.</p><p>Se l'ampiezza dei due campi elettrici incrociati non è uguale, si parla di <b>polarizzazione ellittica</b>.</p><p>Nelle gamme radioamatoriali in onda corta vengono usate indifferentemente la polarizzazione orizzontale o verticale, poiché nella riflessione dei segnali da parte della ionosfera avvengono di continuo rotazioni di fase e polarizzazione.</p><p>Nelle gamme in onda ultracorta, VHF o superiori, viene adoperata la polarizzazione verticale per i collegamenti in portata ottica; nei collegamenti DX viene adoperata la polarizzazione orizzontale.</p><p>Nei collegamenti spaziali, a causa della continua rotazione di fase, viene adoperata la polarizzazione circolare.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Resistenza di radiazione</h3><p>L'energia fornita ad un'antenna viene dissipata sotto forma di onda elettromagnetica e di perdite in calore. La parte irradiata è quella più utile, alla risonanza in entrambi i casi la potenza è uguale a:</p><p style="text-align: center;">P = I² R</p><p>Nelle perdite è una resistenza reale, nell'irradiazione è invece una resistenza fittizia, detta appunto resistenza di irradiazione.</p><p>La potenza totale dissipata da un'antenna sarà quindi:</p><p style="text-align: center;">P = I<span style="text-align: center;">²</span> (R<span style="font-size: xx-small;">0</span> + R<span style="font-size: xx-small;">l</span>)</p><p>dove R<span style="font-size: xx-small;">0</span> è la resistenza di irradiazione ed R<span style="font-size: xx-small;">l</span> è la resistenza di perdita. Essendo nota R, si vede come riducendo la parte di perdita R<span style="font-size: xx-small;">l</span> si aumenta la potenza radiata.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Potenza Effettiva Radiata (ERP)</h3><p>La <b>potenza effettiva irradiata</b> o <b>potenza irradiata equivalente</b> (<i>ERP - Effective Radiated Power</i>) è la potenza che dovrebbe irradiare un dipolo, radialmente e sul piano ortogonale, per avere la stessa potenza misurata sull'antenna in prova, nella direzione di massimo campo. Essa è valutata aggiungendo alla PEP del trasmettitore il guadagno dell'antenna e sottraendo eventuali perdite del sistema.</p><p>L'ERP si esprime secondo la formula:</p><p style="text-align: center;">ERP = P<span style="font-size: xx-small;">x</span> + G<span style="font-size: xx-small;">t</span> [dBm]</p><p>dove ERP è la grandezza che si intende calcolare (espressa in dBm o dBW), P<span style="font-size: xx-small;">x</span> è la PEP emessa dal trasmettitore (espressa in dBm o dBW) e G<span style="font-size: xx-small;">t</span> è il guadagno d'antenna espressa in dB.</p><p>Oppure, esprimendo la ERP e P<span style="font-size: xx-small;">x</span> in W ed usando G<span style="font-size: xx-small;">t</span> come numero puro (guadagno):</p><p style="text-align: center;">ERP = P<span style="font-size: xx-small;">x</span> G<span style="font-size: xx-small;">t</span> [W]</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Potenza isotropica irradiata equivalente (EIRP)</h3><p>In telecomunicazioni, con il termine <b>EIRP </b>(acronimo di <i>Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power</i>, ossia potenza isotropica irradiata equivalente), si intende una misura di potenza radio irradiata da un'antenna <b>riferita al radiatore isotropico</b>.</p><p>La potenza irradiata viene calcolata <b>sommando </b>alla PEP in dBm o dBW le <i>perdite </i>della linea in dB ed il <i>guadagno </i>dell'antenna in dBi (oppure in dBd +2.15), ed è un valore riferito al radiatore isotropico.</p><p>Rispetto all'ERP, la EIRP è sempre <b>più grande di 2.15 dB</b>.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Impedenza dello spazio libero</h3><p>L'<b>impedenza nello spazio libero</b> è data dal rapporto tra il campo elettrico E e quello magnetico H prodotti da un'antenna, è una costante e vale 377 Ω. Questo è valido quando il campo elettromagnetico è preso in considerazione nella zona di Fraunhofer (far field).</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Effetto del suolo, ground plane</h3><p>Le prestazioni di un'antenna vengono modificate in modo considerevole dalla <b>presenza del terreno sottostante</b>.</p><p>Il suolo si comporta come un immenso riflettore, le onde così riflesse si combinano con quelle dirette in vari modi, secondo l'orientamento dell'antenna rispetto al suolo, la sua altezza e le caratteristiche del terreno.</p><p>Per spiegare il ruolo del terreno, si immagina che esista un'antenna speculare a quella vera, posta nel suolo sottostante.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoClR5Bq2I1HEEnYWnuUOLYCKcSUuD_STRgTfLSx0zWnLQx2R1OgX9iK59rIiRaVtdKaVd74xn_yxOgOnPMepgG2RjJlF59fGVz3HCt3gzchb1RvU0c6A9g6M1tm5rzGA9hcuGXZIaXv8COXDZmb67GTdioxqwk9Y_UGjI-vCKUcFT66LHWECULrOp/s610/fig11.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="493" data-original-width="610" height="259" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoClR5Bq2I1HEEnYWnuUOLYCKcSUuD_STRgTfLSx0zWnLQx2R1OgX9iK59rIiRaVtdKaVd74xn_yxOgOnPMepgG2RjJlF59fGVz3HCt3gzchb1RvU0c6A9g6M1tm5rzGA9hcuGXZIaXv8COXDZmb67GTdioxqwk9Y_UGjI-vCKUcFT66LHWECULrOp/s320/fig11.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p>Il suolo in realtà non è un buon conduttore, quindi spesso si deve ricorrere ad artifici per migliorare le sue caratteristiche.</p><p>E' possibile simulare l'effetto di un terreno perfettamente conduttore interrando una superficie metallica sotto l'antenna, oppure sistemando una griglia metallica o una serie di fili a raggiera.</p><p>Questo piano metallico prende il nome di <b>piano di terra</b> (<i>ground plane</i>).</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Potenza massima applicabile</h3><p>E' la massima potenza di un segnale applicato ad una antenna trasmittente. E' generalmente indicata come massima Peak Envelope Power (PEP) applicabile.</p><p>Le antenne dedicate alla sola ricezione possono avere massime PEP molto basse, se non nulle, anche per la possibile presenza di un front-end attivo (<i>LNA</i>, preamplificatore a basso rumore).</p><p>Se l'antenna è passiva, dipende principalmente dalle dimensioni dei conduttori.</p><div><h3>Diagramma di radiazione</h3><div><p>Il campo elettrico emesso nello spazio avrà una certa forma. Il <b>diagramma di radiazione</b> (<i>Radiation Pattern</i>) è una rappresentazione grafica di come un'antenna irradia il suo segnale.</p><p>Esistono tre tipologie di radiatori:</p><p></p><p></p><ul><li>Radiatore isotropico</li></ul><ul><li>Radiatore direzionale</li></ul><ul><li>Radiatore omnidirezionale</li></ul><p></p>Il radiatore isotropico è definito come “una ipotetica antenna ideale che ha uguale irraggiamento in tutte le direzioni”. Ne consegue che, essendo ideale, non è realizzabile ma è preso come riferimento nel determinare le caratteristiche delle antenne reali.<p></p><p>Il radiatore direzionale “ha proprietà di trasmettere o ricevere un'onda elettromagnetica maggiormente in particolari direzioni che non in altre”.</p><p>Il radiatore omnidirezionale “ha proprietà di trasmettere o ricevere un'onda elettromagnetica in modo uniforme lungo un piano di polarizzazione”.<br /></p></div><p>Vengono definiti i <b>lobi di radiazione</b> come “una porzione del diagramma di radiazione formato da aree di intensità di radiazione omogenee”.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiswfb0y6SA3g6oKhHGcJlvyZKnZdtZiq6Y7NLrE-EmP-RtqCr4xTc6L0tavYSM1VVt3rGhy8QMtcpa2O_jGIFQpZbd_wKPOeCaDZL_YVh64vGITH76mWtJgSyxBeOqY4tQhBzlpyjQPKLYwB_VYt6CxlOEp_s39JKjeU7m2HZNpmpaQFeBAHdFQcxR/s690/fig09.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="612" data-original-width="690" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiswfb0y6SA3g6oKhHGcJlvyZKnZdtZiq6Y7NLrE-EmP-RtqCr4xTc6L0tavYSM1VVt3rGhy8QMtcpa2O_jGIFQpZbd_wKPOeCaDZL_YVh64vGITH76mWtJgSyxBeOqY4tQhBzlpyjQPKLYwB_VYt6CxlOEp_s39JKjeU7m2HZNpmpaQFeBAHdFQcxR/s320/fig09.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">5ele Twin Delta Loop da 4nec2</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Il lobo principale (major lobe o main beam) è il lobo contenente la maggior parte dell'energia ed è la direzione di maggiore irraggiamento.</div><p></p><p>Il lobi minori o secondari (minor lobe) sono tutti gli altri lobi individuati.</p><p>Il lobo laterale (side lobe) occupa una qualsiasi direzione, normalmente vengono indicati come side lobe i lobi adiacenti il lobo principale.</p><p>Il lobo posteriore (back lobe) è il lobo secondario occupante la zona posta a 180° rispetto il lobo principale.</p><p>I lobi secondari sono generalmente visti come irraggiamenti in direzioni non volute, quindi perdite, ed andrebbero portati al minimo.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZmh5X3VV3LpAVWEyfeRE2NH6UafIlDTDH63C6gW-gOEqbgKrxNF92iwgg3lb_zkDhGTK6xHj5pYL4FibG_upcl5zE8b7j4ke0suVrpmS8OoR_zj4j70z9DcYzvOFL3haH2fgcmQGVkUBZYPo4Kep4Xw_9nh_SAXh072PhZlcgd004ywvcDTxSNWdk/s429/fig08.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="429" data-original-width="380" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZmh5X3VV3LpAVWEyfeRE2NH6UafIlDTDH63C6gW-gOEqbgKrxNF92iwgg3lb_zkDhGTK6xHj5pYL4FibG_upcl5zE8b7j4ke0suVrpmS8OoR_zj4j70z9DcYzvOFL3haH2fgcmQGVkUBZYPo4Kep4Xw_9nh_SAXh072PhZlcgd004ywvcDTxSNWdk/s320/fig08.jpg" width="283" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">5ele Twin Delta Loop da 4nec2</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><h3>Spazio di radiazione</h3><p>Lo spazio circostante l'antenna viene suddiviso in tre regioni spaziali:</p><p></p><p></p><ul><li>Zona reattiva di campo vicino (Reactive Near Field Region);</li></ul><ul><li>Zona radiante di campo vicino (Fresnel zone, Radiating Near Field);</li></ul><ul><li>Zona di campo lontano (Fraunhofer zone, Far Field)</li></ul><p></p><p></p><p>Questo perché la struttura del campo elettromagnetico, allontanandosi dal radiatore, assume caratteristiche diverse.</p><div>Considerando i singoli apporti di campo di piccoli tratti di antenna d<span style="font-size: xx-small;">z</span>, il campo elettromagnetico emesso da un’antenna assume l’aspetto di quello in figura:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_tx7Fwp4rXSKgT_qSvzk4F1A7HeC1V9YfDb_Y3-S5k2_5_WjoQoIi75IfP76hzpe8ednJniUtEBFUCS8mlVd9OnwNIQwc_DGSvyxzmxpb1yGzILwxd-E_dhCUGTiJMzroPGui769d0xmivqX2uv1RuOqSdwVOFgn2xa6DInxheC0AuKf8vnxvd5lJ/s500/fig05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="494" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_tx7Fwp4rXSKgT_qSvzk4F1A7HeC1V9YfDb_Y3-S5k2_5_WjoQoIi75IfP76hzpe8ednJniUtEBFUCS8mlVd9OnwNIQwc_DGSvyxzmxpb1yGzILwxd-E_dhCUGTiJMzroPGui769d0xmivqX2uv1RuOqSdwVOFgn2xa6DInxheC0AuKf8vnxvd5lJ/s320/fig05.jpg" width="316" /></a></div><p>Ciò a causa della somma vettoriale delle singole emissioni, che vanno a creare dei pieni e dei vuoti attorno al filo nello spazio circostante. Questo tipo di propagazione avviene in quello che è definito come <b>campo vicino</b> (<i>near field region</i>).</p><p>Nella reactive near field region predomina la parte reattiva del campo elettromagnetico e circonda le immediate vicinanze dell'antenna.</p><p>La radiating near field region (zona di Fresnel) è la zona di transizione tra il near field ed il far field. La distribuzione angolare del campo elettromagnetico dipende dalla distanza.</p><p>Nella far field region (zona di Fraunhofer) la distribuzione angolare del campo elettromagnetico non dipende più dalla distanza e la densità di potenza è uniforme. Essendo uniforme, decresce con la distanza e l’onda assume la forma di onda piana.</p><p>Nella pratica vengono distinte solo la seconda e la terza zona, indicandole come near field e far field, ponendo il confine tra di loro secondo la relazione:</p><p style="text-align: center;">d<span style="font-size: xx-small;">f</span> = 2D² / λ</p></div><p>Dove <span style="text-align: center;">d</span><span style="font-size: xx-small; text-align: center;">f</span><span style="text-align: center;"> è l'inizio della zona di Fraunhofer, D è il diametro dell'area occupato dall'antenna (vista di fronte) e </span><span style="text-align: center;">λ è la lunghezza d'onda.</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjk35tZDDuJhT_QHXl-feagyEiMK7R5meCQwh_ydcpeF1ADeZhrgu_2qlEJpwDFds6Z2NwbtflSF8VWgtJeruE6_k4xsmtGaE9akjmqPYvtRwvODsH1bU5BZLYtVJOpOCk_c0mKQojlz7Nvl3M-bJ2pJYmt7LB8iEo1bMoaGZkrgtHPBXOSgp-m5pLa/s591/fig10.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="474" data-original-width="591" height="257" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjk35tZDDuJhT_QHXl-feagyEiMK7R5meCQwh_ydcpeF1ADeZhrgu_2qlEJpwDFds6Z2NwbtflSF8VWgtJeruE6_k4xsmtGaE9akjmqPYvtRwvODsH1bU5BZLYtVJOpOCk_c0mKQojlz7Nvl3M-bJ2pJYmt7LB8iEo1bMoaGZkrgtHPBXOSgp-m5pLa/s320/fig10.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p>La <b>direttività </b>di un'antenna è definita come <i>il rapporto tra l'intensità di radiazione di un'antenna in una data direzione e l'intensità di radiazione media in tutte le direzioni</i>.</p><p></p><p>L'<b>intensità di radiazione media</b> è <i>il rapporto tra la potenza totale irradiata e 4π</i>, considerando l'irraggiamento sferico, in tre dimensioni.</p><p><span style="text-align: center;"></span></p><p>Nella pratica si considera l'angolo di maggiore irradiazione, ovvero quello occupato dal lobo principale.</p><h3><p style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><b><i>73 de Andy IV3ONZ</i></b></p><p style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><b><i><br /></i></b></p></h3><h3>Link utili e bibliografia:</h3><h3><ul><li style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;">"ARRL Antenna Book", 21st Edition</li><li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Constantine A Balanis, "Antenna Theory Analysis and Design" 2nd Ed., © 1982-1997 John Wiley & Sons</span></span></li></ul></h3><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6131487507049857417.post-19597287513943234182023-01-06T12:44:00.007+01:002023-01-14T11:27:55.790+01:00Le antenne in teoria
<p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3ouE7nqzf33Pnjx_jk__UJSZjsWcPqs2sVXISgdZ08OqbsCx07Ztujg_G57xg9nlhbiLZ5ukPqWaxa6tpz72wUrmm0kZIFKw-JK1b45q45SPFnindh3S8qnZ-4J1SN4dejySZg7I1B_feOGg_mYazxe3OX-yPf3b2gFXEsIdGlGf8eACM6oV7oScJ/s713/Immagine.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="655" data-original-width="713" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3ouE7nqzf33Pnjx_jk__UJSZjsWcPqs2sVXISgdZ08OqbsCx07Ztujg_G57xg9nlhbiLZ5ukPqWaxa6tpz72wUrmm0kZIFKw-JK1b45q45SPFnindh3S8qnZ-4J1SN4dejySZg7I1B_feOGg_mYazxe3OX-yPf3b2gFXEsIdGlGf8eACM6oV7oScJ/w200-h184/Immagine.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><p style="text-align: left;">L’antenna è definita, secondo l'<i><b>IEEE Standard Definitions of Terms for Antennas</b></i> (IEEE STD 145-1983) come</p><p style="text-align: center;"><i>"</i><i style="text-align: center;">un mezzo per trasmettere e ricevere onde radio”</i></p><div><p style="text-align: left;">Un'<b>antenna trasmittente</b> è un <i>trasduttore</i> che collega i circuiti radio allo spazio libero, convertendo un segnale presente in una linea di trasmissione in un'<i>onda elettromagnetica</i> (EMW, electromagnetic wave) che si propaga nello spazio libero. </p><p style="text-align: left;">Un'<b>antenna ricevente </b>è un trasduttore che converte un'onda elettromagnetica dallo spazio libero in un segnale, su una linea di trasmissione e quindi al circuito di ricezione.</p><p style="text-align: left;">In genere, per <i>reciprocità</i>, un'antenna può funzionare ugualmente bene sia in ricezione che in trasmissione. </p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Nel caso di un'antenna trasmittente, essa si comporta da <b>carico</b>.</li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Nel caso di un'antenna ricevente, questa si comporta da <b>generatore</b>.</li></ul><p></p><p></p><p style="text-align: left;">In entrambi i casi, per funzionare al meglio, ovvero per evitare riflessioni nella linea di trasmissione, le rispettive impedenze devono essere <b>adattate alla linea di trasmissione.</b></p><p style="text-align: left;">Insieme, le antenne trasmittenti e riceventi fanno parte del <b>link RF</b><i> (RF path)</i>. Esso è il percorso tra l'<b>uscita del circuito trasmittente </b>e l'<b>ingresso del circuito ricevente</b> e generalmente avviene nello spazio libero.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Di solito, questo percorso include:</p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><p>Il cavo dal trasmettitore all'antenna di trasmissione;</p></li><li><p>L'antenna di trasmissione stessa;</p></li><li><p>Il percorso di propagazione;</p></li><li><p>L'antenna di ricezione;</p></li><li><p>La linea di trasmissione che collega l'antenna di ricezione al circuito del ricevitore.</p></li><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy-hOFaULreUrMe3jCOKl4zOt78tAC4s765gE5WQCohGWW7dYb29qrP0HVlpx7iCrIajdDFtt3sFfX_voCB-VRlj1SqVlnV12GvuqmbxPIAR6dZCkcJs7cQ6t910Q8rhh24HgwmTDdbZQYDPKiW6lcKs8F3rx3k7hQ97scQjugBLhsNOe2_iP2koQZ/s877/fig01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="649" data-original-width="877" height="237" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy-hOFaULreUrMe3jCOKl4zOt78tAC4s765gE5WQCohGWW7dYb29qrP0HVlpx7iCrIajdDFtt3sFfX_voCB-VRlj1SqVlnV12GvuqmbxPIAR6dZCkcJs7cQ6t910Q8rhh24HgwmTDdbZQYDPKiW6lcKs8F3rx3k7hQ97scQjugBLhsNOe2_iP2koQZ/s320/fig01.jpg" width="320" /></a></div></ul><p style="text-align: left;">Il segnale ricevuto sarà sempre <b>molto più piccolo del segnale trasmesso</b>, questo perchè nel tragitto del percorso di propagazione si avrà una <b>forte attenuazione</b>, dipendente dalla frequenza usata.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Inoltre, nello spazio libero il segnale elettromagnetico si diffonde, diffrange, riflette ed è parzialmente bloccato da oggetti come colline ed edifici.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Il campo elettromagnetico prodotto dall'antenna sarà sempre composto dalle sue <b>componenti elettrica </b><i>(E-Field)</i><b> e magnetica </b><i>(H-Field)</i>. Considerando queste componenti come vettori, possiamo poi affermare che saranno sempre <b>ortogonali</b> tra di loro.</p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf0hbcYPjRLoGSEcPsV9UH-P906W_LLN79bBMUVUL-HFmaDpARvghUXh9yJ2MQbipqaXcQvRGjPBvhf87tVXbG57AMT9TtdVC4ai-azMxlFjzmG4nJPZg5lM7vFvJkz3Mv9SUHxyws78kzMRsRQwFCpBXsD1v3YF6D_eQdn5Dby8-VGYYgqtsYF26S/s1130/fig02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="740" data-original-width="1130" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf0hbcYPjRLoGSEcPsV9UH-P906W_LLN79bBMUVUL-HFmaDpARvghUXh9yJ2MQbipqaXcQvRGjPBvhf87tVXbG57AMT9TtdVC4ai-azMxlFjzmG4nJPZg5lM7vFvJkz3Mv9SUHxyws78kzMRsRQwFCpBXsD1v3YF6D_eQdn5Dby8-VGYYgqtsYF26S/s320/fig02.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>In particolare, il campo elettrico lo troveremo sempre parallelo al piano dell'elemento radiante ed il campo magnetico sarà sempre ortogonale ad esso.<p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Il radiatore isotropico</h3><p>Come base teorica allo studio delle antenne, è utile fare riferimento alla direttività e radiazione di un'antenna rispetto al <b>radiatore isotropico</b>.</p><p>Il radiatore isotropico è un'antenna fittizia che non ha perdite e irradia ugualmente in tutte le direzioni, in modo che la densità di potenza S<span style="font-size: xx-small;">r</span> sia solo una funzione della distanza dal centro r.</p><p>Poiché l'antenna isotropica non ha perdite, la potenza assorbita P<span style="font-size: xx-small;">IN</span> dell'antenna è uguale alla potenza irradiata:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjn_CklMa1k3yALwBZNNKWWWfhzT2zQUBf7DfOR7I3P0L5ZifItyWS6e8pBYDkpCqE5YZM_XlajzFDiyUAMPh7h9EvD3fzuS5dg8Fk-05jFvgmryzblePE4n89h2B_yUfji7I8RaVoPf5OVN0HBxekoNunOgM0GJGtr3vD94nIplqybeWdhcDaewiJ/s546/fig03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="539" data-original-width="546" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjn_CklMa1k3yALwBZNNKWWWfhzT2zQUBf7DfOR7I3P0L5ZifItyWS6e8pBYDkpCqE5YZM_XlajzFDiyUAMPh7h9EvD3fzuS5dg8Fk-05jFvgmryzblePE4n89h2B_yUfji7I8RaVoPf5OVN0HBxekoNunOgM0GJGtr3vD94nIplqybeWdhcDaewiJ/s320/fig03.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><h3 style="text-align: left;">Antenne risonanti</h3><p style="text-align: left;">Le <b>antenne risonanti</b> stabiliscono un'onda stazionaria di corrente in risonanza alla frequenza richiesta. Questo avviene secondo le regole delle linee aperte o in corto circuito quando l’estensione dell'antenna è <b>pari ad un quarto o mezza lunghezza d'onda</b>. Sono per questo anche conosciute come <b>antenne ad onde stazionarie</b>.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Sono <b>intrinsecamente a banda stretta</b>, a causa della risonanza necessaria per stabilire un’intensa onda stazionaria di corrente. Come esempio, possiamo citare il dipolo a mezz’onda, i monopoli ad un quarto d’onda e le antenna patch.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Funzionano in questo modo: </p><p style="text-align: left;">Quando viene applicata una tensione sinusoidale al conduttore di un'antenna, le cariche (cioè gli elettroni liberi) accelerano o decelerano sotto l'influenza di una sorgente di tensione applicata, che tipicamente proviene da una linea di trasmissione.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Quando le cariche accelerano (o decelerano), producono sempre un campo elettromagnetico che si irradia lontano dall'antenna.</p><p style="text-align: left;">In un punto qualsiasi dell'antenna è quindi presente una corrente che varia in modo sinusoidale nel tempo. L'accelerazione delle cariche è pure sinusoidale, con un'ampiezza direttamente proporzionale all'ampiezza della corrente.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Quando la corrente giunge all'estremità del conduttore, può trovare un circuito aperto oppure un corto circuito. A questo punto otteniamo una <b>riflessione </b>della corrente verso il generatore (o la linea di trasmissione).</p><p>Per ottenere un'antenna efficiente, tutta la corrente dovrebbe andare nella stessa direzione in un determinato momento.</p><p>Un modo per ottenere questo è di stabilire un'<b>onda stazionaria in regime di risonanza</b>.</p><p>All'estremità aperta, a causa della riflessione, la corrente totale è nulla. Le onde di corrente diretta e riflessa si combinano per creare l'onda stazionaria. Se l'antenna ha la giusta lunghezza, tutta la corrente totale (onda stazionaria) va nella stessa direzione.</p><p>La lunghezza ottimale è quella che comporta la <b>risonanza </b>nel conduttore di antenna, ed è di <b>mezza lunghezza d'onda, un quarto d'onda se consideriamo il singolo conduttore</b>. Se il filo è più lungo o più corto, i contributi al campo dei segmenti di corrente diretti in senso opposto si attenuano o si annullano.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Quando ci troviamo in risonanza, e quindi abbiamo una forte corrente, questo si traduce in una forte accelerazione di carica e quindi in intensi campi elettromagnetici irradiati.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0UtiR9Qjf3mPnLhyB1lu7gLxe6QckmmWpx5ZZCg58LHEqs3_kvLEaajGe62wF1d21qK0TFiVroJNxtaiRa7EEkDVlhXm17gS1xPK7uhSoaPD2DIuCHAytV5OmSx0zcZl5Z9I_D3yuJmd88u795ptmusECc1ZTP_hBtDD2HUhPE9e_sfWSqAwb8QTQ/s792/fig04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="642" data-original-width="792" height="259" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0UtiR9Qjf3mPnLhyB1lu7gLxe6QckmmWpx5ZZCg58LHEqs3_kvLEaajGe62wF1d21qK0TFiVroJNxtaiRa7EEkDVlhXm17gS1xPK7uhSoaPD2DIuCHAytV5OmSx0zcZl5Z9I_D3yuJmd88u795ptmusECc1ZTP_hBtDD2HUhPE9e_sfWSqAwb8QTQ/s320/fig04.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p style="text-align: left;">Quando invece un campo elettromagnetico interessa un conduttore, il campo fa accelerare le cariche nel conduttore stesso, induce una tensione che si propaga lungo l'antenna e quindi raggiunge la linea di trasmissione collegata.</p><p style="text-align: left;">La tensione indotta sarà massima se il conduttore totale di antenna sarà lungo metà lunghezza d'onda, ovvero sarà in risonanza alla frequenza del campo elettromagnetico.</p><p>Antenne lunghe multipli dispari di λ/2 prendono il nome di <b>antenne risonanti in armonica</b>.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Antenne non risonanti</h3><p style="text-align: left;">Se un'antenna risonante ha una banda passante limitata, per realizzare antenne a larga banda (<i>broadband antenna</i>) dobbiamo evitare il fenomeno della risonanza.</p><p>Le <b>Traveling Wave Antenna</b> hanno le caratteristiche di un'ampia larghezza di banda e di grandi dimensioni rispetto alla lunghezza d'onda impiegata.</p><p>Sono <i>intrinsecamente a banda larga</i>, a causa della assenza di onde stazionarie di corrente. Come esempio, possiamo citare le <b>antenne a trombone</b> (<i>Horn antenna</i>), le <b>antenne elicoidali</b> (<i>Helicoidal o helix antenna</i>) e l'<b>antenna beverage</b>.</p><p>Funzionano in questo modo:</p><p>Queste antenne iniziano come una struttura di linea di trasmissione che si allarga lentamente, fornendo una<b> transizione a bassa riflessione</b> dalla linea di trasmissione allo spazio libero, che si comporta da carico. La larghezza di banda può essere molto ampia e dipende principalmente dalla gradualità della transizione.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixQOPpeOTdItaJElUbojS9EEccV-LzzhjlWKYsmWTykdON3Si7buH1KeTBqK3o-QWQPBcG8iRxxVGc04cT0oqupnyH-e2Te2D_AY0xS2p1VUqjMQzhMvdnj9HINBhyd-KJ3AYgEYWzOkaPa-h6eg8FlSiI2s3jNSRUodgABoOgI6pPEXgPPR7jWv7a/s1052/fig06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="597" data-original-width="1052" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixQOPpeOTdItaJElUbojS9EEccV-LzzhjlWKYsmWTykdON3Si7buH1KeTBqK3o-QWQPBcG8iRxxVGc04cT0oqupnyH-e2Te2D_AY0xS2p1VUqjMQzhMvdnj9HINBhyd-KJ3AYgEYWzOkaPa-h6eg8FlSiI2s3jNSRUodgABoOgI6pPEXgPPR7jWv7a/s320/fig06.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p style="text-align: left;">La transizione dall'impedenza della linea a quella dello spazio aperto viene offerta dall'apertura progressiva di queste antenne. In questo modo non si generano onde stazionarie, poichè si comportano come un adattatore di impedenza.<br /></p><p style="text-align: left;">Caratteristica principale di queste antenne è che devono necessariamente essere terminate su di un carico: può essere lo spazio aperto, con la sua impedenza caratteristica di 377 Ω, oppure un resistore adeguatamente dimensionato.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Densità di radiazione</h3><div><p>Le antenne non irradiano ugualmente in tutte le direzioni, concentrando la potenza irradiata lungo il lobo principale (o maggiore) dell'antenna.</p><p>Questo effetto di focalizzazione è chiamato <b>direttività</b>. La potenza in una particolare direzione è caratterizzata dalla <b>densità di radiazione</b>.</p><p>La densità di radiazione S<span style="font-size: xx-small;">r</span> è la potenza per unità di area espressa in [W/m²] e sarà massima nel lobo principale.</p><p style="text-align: center;">S<span style="font-size: xx-small;">r</span> = ∂P<span style="font-size: xx-small;">r</span> / ∂A</p><p>Dove <span style="text-align: center;">∂P</span><span style="font-size: xx-small; text-align: center;">r</span> è la potenza trasmessa e <span style="text-align: center;">∂A</span> è la superficie alla distanza r.</p><p>S<span style="font-size: xx-small;">r</span> cala all'aumentare della distanza in modo quadratico nello spazio libero. E’ data anche dal prodotto dei vettori del campo elettrico E per quello magnetico H:</p><p style="text-align: center;">S<span style="font-size: xx-small;">r</span> = E x H</p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><i style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14.85px;"><b>73 de Andy IV3ONZ</b></i></h3></div><p style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14.85px;"><br /></p><h3 style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin: 0px; position: relative;"></h3><h3 style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin: 0px; position: relative;">Link utili e bibliografia:<br /></h3><ul><li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14.85px;"><i>AA.VV.</i>, "ARRL Antenna Book"<i>, </i>21st Edition</span></span></li><li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14.85px;"><i>Constantine A Balanis, </i>"Antenna Theory Analysis and Design" 2nd Ed., © 1982-1997<i> </i>John Wiley & Sons</span></span></li><li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14.85px;"><i>Michael Steer, </i>"Microwave and RF design radio systems", © 2019 by M.B. Steer</span></span></li><li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14.85px;"><a href="https://www.qsl.net/4nec2/" target="_blank">4nec2</a></span></span></li></ul><h3><br /></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p></div>IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6131487507049857417.post-51789909010931630972022-12-30T12:29:00.004+01:002023-01-03T12:12:05.426+01:00Controllo del ricevitore YAESU FRG-8800 con FLDIGI<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-GM6T3MWSlJwFPqiJXMtSkDqhdTsw9wxm3iKNVgwLl1IPnw9E1hRbQCbG-t-FTXOaYxRJdfxhCKKeq99i_PVqiDUZMcPnHunhwVCss-C7513q8xphPTGWKAsc8cLMpXQUFdtdL9xl3MouAPz97aRC25IRPYTGgAiRrSu26nWQcH0UwH2pF9p3VdIa/s290/FLDIGI.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="174" data-original-width="290" height="120" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-GM6T3MWSlJwFPqiJXMtSkDqhdTsw9wxm3iKNVgwLl1IPnw9E1hRbQCbG-t-FTXOaYxRJdfxhCKKeq99i_PVqiDUZMcPnHunhwVCss-C7513q8xphPTGWKAsc8cLMpXQUFdtdL9xl3MouAPz97aRC25IRPYTGgAiRrSu26nWQcH0UwH2pF9p3VdIa/w200-h120/FLDIGI.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><b>FLDIGI </b>è un programma sviluppato da David Freese W1HKJ ed altri radioamatori; essenzialmente è un <i>modem</i> che permette di operare via radio con una moltitudine di modulazioni e modi attraverso la scheda audio del PC.<p></p><p>Integra in sé anche un controllo degli apparati via CAT, rendendo completo ed automatico l'utilizzo della radio.</p><p>La descrizione ed il funzionamento dell'interfaccia hardware computer - radio è descritta in vari post nel mio blog. <br /></p><p>Il programma FLDIGI permette di controllare il ricetrasmettitore oppure il ricevitore attraverso due modalità:</p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Controllo via RigCAT;</li><li>Controllo via HamLib.</li></ul><h3 style="text-align: left;">Controllo via Hamlib</h3><p style="text-align: left;">E' la modalità più utilizzata con questo programma. Essa usa la libreria <b>HAMLIB</b> ormai diventata uno standard: praticamente tutti i programmi che permettono il controllo via seriale di una radio ne dispone l'uso, a parte qualche rara eccezione.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Questa libreria interfaccia una notevole quantità di apparati diversi, integra tutti i comandi seriali da inviare alla radio e gestisce le risposte provenienti dalla stessa.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Permette anche il controllo dei più comuni rotori per antenne.<br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzPcRpnYF-5pjyidcc4NVKKQxH0otBAQGbNT8akvzZGKrnoA_W_-Ai5m62iBwN5xa1Roo_5SDibnXwz0ed0KFfRjPxKb9l49HpSOI7ijRP6dMByMfcmUdZBVE8ZrRLfFUsYL4SOLzleNbn_1QtacUb0bnCF6H0RjqmQJcKfo8LEBB4uPwVxtwfqx_-/s816/fldigiHamlib.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="418" data-original-width="816" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzPcRpnYF-5pjyidcc4NVKKQxH0otBAQGbNT8akvzZGKrnoA_W_-Ai5m62iBwN5xa1Roo_5SDibnXwz0ed0KFfRjPxKb9l49HpSOI7ijRP6dMByMfcmUdZBVE8ZrRLfFUsYL4SOLzleNbn_1QtacUb0bnCF6H0RjqmQJcKfo8LEBB4uPwVxtwfqx_-/w400-h205/fldigiHamlib.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;">Per la configurazione, si seleziona la radio da controllare, si imposta la porta seriale e tutto dovrebbe funzionare.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Le Hamlib contengono le definizioni per i comandi dello Yaesu FRG-8800 in versione <i>Untested</i>. Ma sfortunatamente, con FLDIGI, non c'è modo di farle andare: il ricevitore non esegue alcun comando.</p><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Controllo via RigCAT</h3><p style="text-align: left;">Questa è una modalità <i>personalizzabile</i>. Vengono eseguiti dei file in formato <i>xml</i>, ovvero degli script in <b><i>eXtensible Markup Language</i></b>, nei quali vengono codificati tutti i comandi seriali della radio.<br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqqkeXvE1d9NnZPqFSdNxXd32GSOgxxZRyojTcbbZto7RNDONCenKBofwZBh0qWclWR9prMnaMJGnVqySD_GkUCVuLidDGfjC-w_D5Kyr_tX6xx5FcbqKJjuktLIK49qvVwZqHPdFHcUC9Fh2_Zd0jNDLQ9o1OsV1wjXtUEF0s1epqY3YWoH6a8SKY/s816/fldigiRigcat.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="418" data-original-width="816" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqqkeXvE1d9NnZPqFSdNxXd32GSOgxxZRyojTcbbZto7RNDONCenKBofwZBh0qWclWR9prMnaMJGnVqySD_GkUCVuLidDGfjC-w_D5Kyr_tX6xx5FcbqKJjuktLIK49qvVwZqHPdFHcUC9Fh2_Zd0jNDLQ9o1OsV1wjXtUEF0s1epqY3YWoH6a8SKY/w400-h205/fldigiRigcat.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Un elenco ufficiale di questi files si trova all'indirizzo <a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/fldigi/files/xmls/" target="_blank">https://sourceforge.net/projects/fldigi/files/xmls/</a>, ma qui purtroppo non si trova quello per FRG-8800.</p><p style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Non resta altro che realizzarne uno.</p><h3 style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Programmazione del file RigCAT</h3><p style="text-align: left;">Il Rig Control CAT di FLDIGI non è altro che un <i>parser </i>di comandi seriali. Quando si lancia FLDIGI ed è stata configurata una radio con RigCAT, vengono eseguiti, quando richiamati dal software, i comandi inseriti nel file di configurazione xml.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Questo file adopera come formattazione un preciso standard: usa, per separare le singole informazioni, dei <i>TAG </i>del tipo</p><p style="text-align: center;"><b><i><tag>comando</tag></i></b></p><p style="text-align: left;">I comandi non sono purtroppo <i>tutti </i>spiegati nel manuale on-line di FLDIGI, ne mancano diversi. L'elenco è disponibile presso l'indirizzo <a href="http://www.w1hkj.com/FldigiHelp/rig_xml_page.html" target="_blank">http://www.w1hkj.com/FldigiHelp/rig_xml_page.html</a>.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Manca una descrizione del <i>range</i> di valori applicabili; manca infine soprattutto una descrizione di come questi comandi vengano eseguiti quando si avvia FLDIGI e si controlla una radio con questo metodo.<br /></p><p style="text-align: left;">Per realizzare un file xml, l'autore consiglia di studiarsi i file xml pubblicati per le altre radio, crearlo quindi secondo le proprie esigenze e salvarlo con il nome della nuova radio.</p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p style="text-align: left;">Da quanto ho appreso dal manuale d'uso, fondamentalmente il file xml del RigCAT di FLDIGI è composto da queste sequenze di comandi:</p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Inizia sempre con il tag <RIGDEF>;<br /></li><li>Una intestazione, con i tag <RIG>, <PROGRAMMER>, <STATUS> e <TITLE>;</li><li>Settaggio porta seriale;</li><li><MODES>, definizione dei modi;</li><li><BANDWIDTHS>, definizione della larghezza di banda passante;</li><li><COMMAND>, un elenco di comandi; <br /></li><li><REPLY>, un <i>parser</i> delle risposte della radio;</li><li>Si chiude con </RIGDEF>. <br /></li></ul><p style="text-align: left;">Tra i comandi, vi sono <INIT> per inizializzazione della radio, <SETFREQ> con <SETMODE> per il settaggio di frequenza e modo e <GETFREQ> con <GETMODE> per ottenere la frequenza e modo come risposta dalla radio.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Ci sono pure alcuni comandi per l'impostazione e la lettura della potenza RF, per il set dello squelch e per la lettura dello S-Meter, oltre ad alcuni comandi per il debug.</p><p></p><p style="text-align: left;">All'avvio, il programma esegue un <b><INIT></b>, seguito da una richiesta di <b><GETFREQ> </b>e di <b><GETMODE></b>.</p><p style="text-align: left;">I valori di frequenza e la codifica del modo restituiti dalla radio vengono letti da <b><REPLY></b>.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Se la radio non risponde entro un timeout preimpostato, <b>il parser si ferma e chiude la comunicazione seriale</b>. Quindi, se all'avvio <GETFREQ> non ottiene risposta, oppure <REPLY><FREQ> non restituisce il valore atteso, i comandi sembrano non funzionare più e la radio non reagisce come atteso.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Molto utile è il <i><b>debug</b></i> della seriale fornito nel menù Help. Per usarlo, inserire nell'xml dopo <RIGDEF> la stringa</p><p style="text-align: center;"><DEBUG>true</DEBUG><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;">Sin qui tutto bene, se non altro che l'FRG-8800 <b>ha disponibile solo la linea RX data</b> (Serial Input), vedi il <a href="https://iv3onz.blogspot.com/2022/12/cat-per-yaesu-frg-8800.html" target="_blank">precedente post</a>. Quindi nessuna risposta può pervenire dalla radio. E quindi un file xml impostato in questo modo <b>può non funzionare</b>.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Ma c'è un modo per imbrogliare la lettura dalla radio: ho scoperto che basta istruire il programma in modo che la risposta REPLY contenga un dato a <b><u>zero byte</u></b>.</p><p style="text-align: left;">La codifica dei comandi dello Yaesu FRG-8800 è tratta dal manuale utente della radio:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvZXqKIoYN_Rx0HeZyF8GkBz0BiZEGHDbqm7xnXOlluDj4SIWlu09kPiRioiKwDyZ_9dpqPDinrmBC4yD59iHWHmUGe1PKTtwkEk_NbEEXywNFLGmSYJzhcCCW-4nDOEdAKwePVRP3k4Y1Afk3Q2_2i6PaVAkMVDk4uJIB36Qlgoy72pSllAvGv8R3/s953/CATcommands.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="719" data-original-width="953" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvZXqKIoYN_Rx0HeZyF8GkBz0BiZEGHDbqm7xnXOlluDj4SIWlu09kPiRioiKwDyZ_9dpqPDinrmBC4yD59iHWHmUGe1PKTtwkEk_NbEEXywNFLGmSYJzhcCCW-4nDOEdAKwePVRP3k4Y1Afk3Q2_2i6PaVAkMVDk4uJIB36Qlgoy72pSllAvGv8R3/w400-h301/CATcommands.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;">Non è chiaro se il parser xml di FLDIGI preferisca avere come "codice di interruzione di riga" solo il <i>Line Feed</i> <b>LF</b> oppure la sequenza <i>Carriage Return</i> <b>CR</b> seguito da LF. Ho scritto la sequenza di comandi usando il programma gratuito Notepad++, scaricabile all'indirizzo</p><p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://notepad-plus-plus.org/downloads/" target="_blank">https://notepad-plus-plus.org/downloads/</a></p><p style="text-align: left;">ed ho usato la funzionalità <b>testo Unix</b>, che per interruzione di riga mette solo il LF. Il programma FLDIGI funziona sia sotto Windows® che Linux, quindi ci <i>potrebbe</i> essere un problema di compatibilità se l'xml non è scritto secondo lo standard Unix. Non ho verificato.<br /></p><p style="text-align: left;">Possiamo allora scrivere la sequenza di comandi, che sarà la seguente:</p><div><i><span style="font-family: courier;"><span> </span><span> </span><RIGDEF></span></i></div><div><br /></div><div>Si inizia con questo tag. Segue poi l'intestazione:</div><div><br /></div><div><i><span style="font-family: courier;"> <RIG>Yaesu FRG-8800</RIG><br /><br /></span></i></div><div><i><span style="font-family: courier;"><span> </span><span> </span><PROGRAMMER><br /> <span> </span><span> </span>Nome Cognome NOMINATIVO<br /> <span> </span><span> </span>Tested by: NOMINATIVO<br /><span> </span><span> </span></PROGRAMMER><br /><br /></span></i></div><div><i><span style="font-family: courier;"><span> </span><span> </span><STATUS><br /> <span> </span><span> </span>Beta<br /> <span> </span><span> </span>Version: 1.00<br /> <span> </span><span> </span>Date: 17 December 2022<br /><span> </span><span> </span></STATUS><br /><br /></span></i></div><div><i><span style="font-family: courier;"> <TITLE>RigCAT - FRG-8800</TITLE><br /></span></i><br /></div><div>Al posto degli spazi si può usare la tabulazione. E' importante chiudere <u><b>sempre</b></u> il tag aperto con il corrispondente </<i>tag</i>>. Andiamo poi a configurare la seriale:</div><div><br /></div><div><i><span style="font-family: courier;"><span> </span><span> </span><ECHO>false</ECHO><br /><span> </span><span> </span><TIMEOUT>2000</TIMEOUT><br /><span> </span><span> </span><RETRIES>1</RETRIES><br /><span> </span><span> </span><WRITE_DELAY>5</WRITE_DELAY><br /><span> </span><span> </span><BAUDRATE>4800</BAUDRATE><br /><span> </span><span> </span><RTSCTS>true</RTSCTS><br /><span> </span><span> </span><ECHO>false</ECHO><br /><span> </span><span> </span><CMDPTT>false</CMDPTT><br /><span> </span><span> </span><STOPBITS>2</STOPBITS><br /><span> </span><span> </span><RTSCTS>false</RTSCTS><br /><span> </span><span> </span><POLLINT>500</POLLINT><br /></span></i><br /></div><div>Definiamo qui i modi:</div><div><br /></div><div><i><span style="font-family: courier;"><span> </span><span> </span><MODES><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><ELEMENT><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><SYMBOL>LSB</SYMBOL><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><BYTE>01</BYTE><br /> <span> </span><span> </span></ELEMENT><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><ELEMENT><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><SYMBOL>USB</SYMBOL><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><BYTE>02</BYTE><br /> <span> </span><span> </span></ELEMENT><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><ELEMENT><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><SYMBOL>CW-W</SYMBOL><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><BYTE>03</BYTE><br /> <span> </span><span> </span></ELEMENT><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><ELEMENT><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><SYMBOL>CW-N</SYMBOL><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><BYTE>0B</BYTE><br /> <span> </span><span> </span></ELEMENT><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><ELEMENT><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><SYMBOL>AM-W</SYMBOL><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><BYTE>00</BYTE><br /> <span> </span><span> </span></ELEMENT><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><ELEMENT><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><SYMBOL>AM-N</SYMBOL><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><BYTE>08</BYTE><br /> <span> </span><span> </span></ELEMENT><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><ELEMENT><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><SYMBOL>FM-W</SYMBOL><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><BYTE>04</BYTE><br /> <span> </span><span> </span></ELEMENT><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><ELEMENT><br /> <span> </span><span> </span> <SYMBOL>FM-N</SYMBOL><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><BYTE>0C</BYTE><br /> <span> </span><span> </span></ELEMENT><br /><span> </span><span> </span></MODES><br /></span></i><br /></div><div>Non so se questa stringa è obbligatoria; <LSBMODES> dovrebbe includere tutti i modi disponibili nella radio che lavorano in banda laterale inferiore (LSB):<br /><br /></div><div><i><span style="font-family: courier;"><span> </span><span> </span><LSBMODES><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><STRING>LSB</STRING><br /><span> </span><span> </span></LSBMODES><br /></span></i><br /></div><div>Definiamo quindi l'INIT; viene richiamato all'avvio del programma e pone la nostra radio in modalita CAT:</div><div><br /></div><div><i><span style="font-family: courier;"> <COMMAND><br /> <SYMBOL>INIT</SYMBOL><br /> <SIZE>5</SIZE><br /> <BYTES>00 00 00 00 00</BYTES><br /> </COMMAND><br /></span></i><br /></div><div>Questo comando <b>non è documentato</b> ma permette l'uscita dalla modalità CAT della radio quando si chiude il programma:</div><div> </div><div> <i><span style="font-family: courier;"> <COMMAND><br /> <SYMBOL>CLOSE</SYMBOL><br /> <SIZE>5</SIZE><br /> <BYTES>00 00 00 80 00</BYTES><br /> </COMMAND><br /></span></i></div><div> <br /></div><div>Questo il comando per settare la frequenza nella radio:</div><div><br /></div><div><i><span style="font-family: courier;"><span> </span><span> </span><COMMAND><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><SYMBOL>SETFREQ</SYMBOL><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><SIZE>5</SIZE><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><DATA><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><DTYPE>BCD</DTYPE><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><SIZE>7</SIZE><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><MAX>29000000</MAX><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><MIN>150000</MIN><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><RESOL>10</RESOL><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><REV>true</REV><br /> <span> </span><span> </span></DATA><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><BYTE>01</BYTE><br /><span> </span><span> </span></COMMAND><br /></span></i><br /></div><div>E di seguito il comando per settare il modo:</div><div><br /></div><div><i><span style="font-family: courier;"><span> </span><span> </span><COMMAND><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><SYMBOL>SETMODE</SYMBOL><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><SIZE>5</SIZE><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><BYTES>00 00 00</BYTES><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><DATA><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><DTYPE>BINARY</DTYPE><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><SIZE>1</SIZE><br /><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span></DATA><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><BYTE>80</BYTE><br /><span> </span><span> </span></COMMAND><br /></span></i><br /></div><div>Quindi i comandi <i>fasulli </i>per richiedere la frequenza ed il modo, con la lunghezza della parola a <b>zero bytes</b>:</div><div><br /></div><div><i><span style="font-family: courier;"><span> </span><span> </span><COMMAND><br /><span> </span><span> </span><SYMBOL>GETFREQ</SYMBOL><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><b><SIZE>0</SIZE></b><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><INFO>FREQ</INFO><br /><span> </span><span> </span></COMMAND><br /><br /></span></i></div><div><i><span style="font-family: courier;"><span> </span><span> </span><COMMAND><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><SYMBOL>GETMODE</SYMBOL><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><b><SIZE>0</SIZE></b><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><INFO>MODE</INFO><br /><span> </span><span> </span></COMMAND><br /></span></i><br /></div><div>E come risposta ai comandi <i>fasulli </i>delle reply <i>fasulle</i>:</div><div><br /></div><div><i><span style="font-family: courier;"><span> </span><span> </span><REPLY><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><SYMBOL>FREQ</SYMBOL><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><b><SIZE>0</SIZE></b><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><DATA><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><DTYPE>BCD</DTYPE><br /><b> <span> </span><span> </span><SIZE>0</SIZE><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><MAX>0</MAX><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><MIN>0</MIN><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><RESOL>0</RESOL><br /></b> <span> </span><span> </span></DATA><br /><span> </span><span> </span></REPLY><br /><br /></span></i></div><div><i><span style="font-family: courier;"><span> </span><span> </span><REPLY><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><SYMBOL>MODE</SYMBOL><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><b><SIZE>0</SIZE></b><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><DATA><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><DTYPE>BINARY</DTYPE><br /> <span> </span><span> </span><b><SIZE>0</SIZE></b><br /> <span> </span><span> </span></DATA><br /><span> </span><span> </span></REPLY></span></i></div><div><div><br /></div></div><div>Per chiudere il file si usa questo tag:</div><div><br /></div><div><i><span style="font-family: courier;"> </RIGDEF></span></i></div><p style="text-align: left;">Non mi è chiaro se questa sintassi sia corretta, ma così per ora funziona. Non sembrano esserci errori durante il debug. Quando poi avrò controllato a fondo il file, vedrò se sarà possibile farlo pubblicare nell'elenco ufficiale. Ogni consiglio sarà ovviamente ben accetto.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Buona sperimentazione!<br /></p><p><b><i>73 de Andy IV3ONZ</i></b></p><p><b><i><br /></i></b></p><h3>Link utili e bibliografia:</h3><ul><li><a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/fldigi/files/fldigi/" target="_blank">Dove scaricare FLDIGI</a></li><li><a href="https://notepad-plus-plus.org/downloads/" target="_blank">Notepad++</a></li><li><a href="http://www.radiomanual.info/schemi/YAESU_RX/FRG-8800_user.pdf" target="_blank">YAESU FRG-8800 User Manual</a><br /></li><li><a href="http://www.w1hkj.com/" target="_blank">Pagina di W1HKJ</a></li><li><a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/fldigi/files/xmls/" target="_blank">Dove trovare i files xml per FLDIGI</a></li><li><a href="http://www.w1hkj.com/FldigiHelp/rig_xml_page.html" target="_blank">Manuale di FLDIGI</a></li><li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" target="_blank">eXtensible Markup Language, da Wikipedia</a> </li></ul><p><br /></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div>IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6131487507049857417.post-9284906024814663712022-12-18T13:21:00.003+01:002023-01-03T12:11:41.734+01:00CAT per Yaesu FRG-8800<p> </p>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn0kAI-0yZBlSVNpbOd2gfjFxpolHdXjTmXsUStAGCPlfR0Y41jtwaW_6gOQ989k3PMfzXYHQREYlG9a3Y1SfM4sUsxdEN0LyppVkSlP-wB6-Ta8pEFv2qlY9eEtFx8kS5aR5XX74OiBARjXCketnAyM8yZVHtB0GyttN6faXTKB4Z2UJ-Ke-TyAZr/s3264/20221218_101911.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn0kAI-0yZBlSVNpbOd2gfjFxpolHdXjTmXsUStAGCPlfR0Y41jtwaW_6gOQ989k3PMfzXYHQREYlG9a3Y1SfM4sUsxdEN0LyppVkSlP-wB6-Ta8pEFv2qlY9eEtFx8kS5aR5XX74OiBARjXCketnAyM8yZVHtB0GyttN6faXTKB4Z2UJ-Ke-TyAZr/w200-h150/20221218_101911.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<p style="text-align: left;">
La possibilità del controllo via computer della radio permette di aggiungere
nuove possibilità di utilizzo, soprattutto se si opera con i modi digitali.
</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">
E questo vale anche se si tratta di un ricevitore.
</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">
La cosa fondamentale è che il ricevitore abbia una porta di comunicazione
seriale, UART o USB, che ne permetta il controllo delle funzioni.
</p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">Il ricevitore</h3>
<p style="text-align: left;">
Il ricevitore è un vecchio ma ancora efficiente Yaesu FRG-8800. E' un ottimo
apparato giapponese prodotto tra il 1985 ed il 1993. Copre le frequenze da 150
kHz a 30 MHz e, con l'opzione VHF, da 118 a 174 MHz, in AM (SSB e CW) ed FM.
</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">
Ha un'ottima resa sonora, che lo rende adatto all'ascolto del broadcasting.
</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">
Completato con il preselettore FRT-7700, permette l'ascolto con antenne filari
o dipoli attenuando contemporaneamente i segnali fuori banda e, di
conseguenza, possibili intermodulazioni o desensibilizzazione.
</p>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaSmqP1CZ8gJGXImDprztJJ32yzk1sldEsHQinn4b3w-83KLqAPq2lbiz3diNw8KUc03Mjbr_ji9flRhm_6XsDxykffmhGF5dyGLfMJ0g7xku9MPGx51-vYaT-Ca35FGu_Oun-vDgzJKp5cC1bFpAyArwcwwyNi7kTmG_WeGxCWLJoIHOvEbKIy04E/s3264/20221218_104936.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaSmqP1CZ8gJGXImDprztJJ32yzk1sldEsHQinn4b3w-83KLqAPq2lbiz3diNw8KUc03Mjbr_ji9flRhm_6XsDxykffmhGF5dyGLfMJ0g7xku9MPGx51-vYaT-Ca35FGu_Oun-vDgzJKp5cC1bFpAyArwcwwyNi7kTmG_WeGxCWLJoIHOvEbKIy04E/s320/20221218_104936.jpg" width="320" /></a>
</div>
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">Il CAT</h3>
<p style="text-align: left;">
Il controllo via CAT fornito da questo apparato è alquanto semplificato. Le
specifiche sono piuttosto scarne: dal manuale d'uso si sa che è disponibile un
connettore DIN a 6 poli, del quale riporta lo schema:
</p>
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</div>
<p style="text-align: left;">Di utile ha soltanto l'ingresso dati (SI, Serial IN) e funziona con
l'interfaccia proprietaria Yaesu FIF-232:
</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"></p>
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</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>
<p style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Non ha nulla di particolare. Ha un convertitore di livelli da RS-232 a UART ed
invia questi segnali all'apparato tramite un <i>opto isolatore</i>.
</p><p style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Gli opto isolatori ed i trasformatori di isolamento per i segnali analogici sono <u style="font-weight: bold;">fondamentali</u> per evitare i ground loop e proteggere il lato ricevitore da scariche ESD o tensioni pericolose. Quindi, io evito <b><u>sempre</u></b> di collegare direttamente il PC a qualsiasi radio, se non usando una <b><u>interfaccia isolata</u></b>.</p>
<p style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
I comandi disponibili sono una manciata. Vi è il controllo della frequenza,
del modo, attua l'accensione e lo spegnimento della radio ed ha il comando di
inizializzazione ed uscita del modo CAT.
</p>
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</div>
<br />
<p style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Si sa inoltre che le impostazioni della seriale sono:
</p>
<p style="clear: both; text-align: left;"></p>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Bit rate 4800 Baud;</li>
<li>8 bit;</li>
<li>Nessuna parità;</li>
<li>2 bit di stop;</li>
<li>Nessun controllo di flusso.</li>
</ul>
Le scansioni sono prese dal manuale d'uso della radio.
<p></p>
<h3 style="clear: both; text-align: left;">L'interfaccia</h3>
<p style="text-align: left;">
Senza voler rifare l'interfaccia originale, che peraltro vuole una RS-232 dal
computer, qui si può usare tranquillamente un convertitore USB-UART della
FTDI.
</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">
Il problema sta infine nella logica dei segnali, se invertiti o meno.
</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">
Nella stragrande maggiornaza dei transceiver, la logica dei segnali UART è <i>non invertita rispetto alla RS-232</i>. Generalmente Yaesu implementa la logica <i>invertita.</i><br /></p><ul>
</ul>
Per verificare se anche questo ricevitore rispetta lo standard, diamo
un'occhiata allo schema elettrico, reperibile sul Service Manual:
<p></p>
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</div>
<p style="text-align: left;">
Il processore è un Hitachi HD63A05, percisamente la versione a 64 pin. Dal
datasheet si scopre che il pin 26 corrisponde a C6/RX, il pin 39 a D6/INT3.
Sembra poi che, da come lavora il clock (fronte di discesa), la logica sia
<b>invertita</b>.
</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">
La traccia in blu arriva all'uscita di uno stabilizzatore 7805, realizza
quindi un pull-up per l'ingresso SI attraverso un resistore da 680 Ω.
</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">
Dovremmo avere quindi tutto per realizzare l'interfaccia. Il convertitore FTDI
è un <b style="font-style: italic;">TTL-232R-5VWE**</b> con uscita
su sei fili (ma va benissimo anche la versione a 3 V, usare un resistore da
330 Ω ).
</p>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDI3eWxWiDlshSB-oq4BfOCaQLu58Q4VZnU24rU0aDTjp6M23iKaZTobR2pHyYExNHVefeXBm5lXCftQsBPWQ44fXS_WsASo7M3L0qadr1H7FSStkCLjehOyrr0V2FO-Nf2T7DLEsSPXo0YqPqgPhK8k6zMrAYaIFRTk1fML1G87gVMQj6YOH6-S44/s1828/CAT-FRG-880-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="978" data-original-width="1828" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDI3eWxWiDlshSB-oq4BfOCaQLu58Q4VZnU24rU0aDTjp6M23iKaZTobR2pHyYExNHVefeXBm5lXCftQsBPWQ44fXS_WsASo7M3L0qadr1H7FSStkCLjehOyrr0V2FO-Nf2T7DLEsSPXo0YqPqgPhK8k6zMrAYaIFRTk1fML1G87gVMQj6YOH6-S44/w400-h214/CAT-FRG-880-2.jpg" width="400" /></a>
</div>
<br />
<p style="text-align: left;">
Resistori da 0.25 W tipo SMD package 1206 oppure, se a componenti
tradizionali, usare un 2N2222. Il collegamento con il plug DIN va fatto
obbligatoriamente con un buon cavo schermato lungo al massimo 30 cm e
possibilmente con una ferrite snap-it materiale 46.
</p><p style="text-align: left;">La stessa interfaccia, senza il BJT, andrebbe bene per pilotare un Kenwood. Mancherebbe solo la linea TX.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">
Il segnale, misurato tra il collettore e l'emettitore dell'LVT827 sarà questo:
</p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKwcaLTll67u9ze5zIcSKJIb8LUvAFYGipptczFnoVLU_oR4QQphf9bup-ugZQ2ZoAsOAhgxuZI5kYArfX7Fdf2-VwM6C7OBW1mx3IEjLmBOqquWrD3xLsNIZLPjyE3eeF0tTH2-Vj1ItxM46PPiN7D_mXA7OxX1pBfHp5WIWT7CbGuUhqcLE2Dqxg/s3264/20221214_205630.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKwcaLTll67u9ze5zIcSKJIb8LUvAFYGipptczFnoVLU_oR4QQphf9bup-ugZQ2ZoAsOAhgxuZI5kYArfX7Fdf2-VwM6C7OBW1mx3IEjLmBOqquWrD3xLsNIZLPjyE3eeF0tTH2-Vj1ItxM46PPiN7D_mXA7OxX1pBfHp5WIWT7CbGuUhqcLE2Dqxg/w400-h300/20221214_205630.jpg" width="400" /></a>
</div>
<p style="text-align: left;">
Non ci sono tarature. Se correttamente costruito, deve andare al primo colpo.
</p><p style="text-align: left;">Buon divertimento!</p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><i>73 de Andy IV3ONZ</i></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><i><br /></i></b></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Link utili e bibliografia:</h3>
<p style="text-align: left;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><a href="https://www.rigpix.com/yaesu/frg8800.htm" target="_blank">Caratteristiche Yaesu FRG-8800 su RigPix</a><br /></li><li><a href="http://www.radiomanual.info/schemi/YAESU_RX/FRG-8800_user.pdf" target="_blank">YAESU FRG-8800 User Manual</a><br /></li><li><a href="http://www.radiomanual.info/schemi/YAESU_RX/FRG-8800_serv.pdf" target="_blank">YAESU FRG-8800 Service Manual</a><br /></li><li><a href="http://datasheets.chipdb.org/Hitachi/6305/HD6305X0.pdf" target="_blank">Hitachi HD63A05X0 Datasheet</a><br /></li><li><a href="https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/ds11107.pdf">BC817 Datasheet</a><br /></li><li><a href="https://optoelectronics.liteon.com/upload/download/ds-70-96-0016/ltv-8x7%20series%20201610%20.pdf">LTV-817 Datasheet</a><br /></li><li><a href="https://ftdichip.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/DS_TTL-232R_CABLES.pdf" target="_blank">TTL-232R-5V-WE Datasheet</a><br /></li></ul><p></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<p></p>
<p></p>
</div>
IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6131487507049857417.post-81323199897781803032022-10-22T12:22:00.005+02:002023-01-03T12:12:51.574+01:00La propagazione dei segnali radio<p> </p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiylkimzwHlhmYWfPG1XecfLdHsf8eb6ooGBaBdeBymYUbR7aiildI-tPp-cQEdyT0E-6HRhgmVYdaW7gXEudcGGiXuHT15VQwA40MvJoWlmuKfIfc91Rp9lTItzWihPPBR3oAfWhsccWULnIfjIgTX6Pthv5WWJu3y9uG0Q0owE_WTYLWMiiKuTQ0h/s320/202003271302.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="256" data-original-width="320" height="167" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiylkimzwHlhmYWfPG1XecfLdHsf8eb6ooGBaBdeBymYUbR7aiildI-tPp-cQEdyT0E-6HRhgmVYdaW7gXEudcGGiXuHT15VQwA40MvJoWlmuKfIfc91Rp9lTItzWihPPBR3oAfWhsccWULnIfjIgTX6Pthv5WWJu3y9uG0Q0owE_WTYLWMiiKuTQ0h/w209-h167/202003271302.jpg" width="209" /></a></div>La propagazione di un'onda elettromagnetica è “<i>tutto quello che avviene ai segnali radio dopo che hanno lasciato la nostra antenna</i>”. E’ in pratica il processo per il quale le onde elettromagnetiche si trasferiscono da un luogo all’altro.<p></p><p>Essa inizia quando mandiamo una corrente attraverso un’antenna. Istantaneamente, un campo elettromagnetico inizia ad irradiarsi attraverso lo spazio, pressappoco alla velocità della luce. Questo campo elettromagnetico ha diverse dimensioni:</p><ul><li>Ampiezza, la forza del campo;</li></ul><ul><li>Direzione;</li></ul><ul><li>Lunghezza d’onda;</li></ul><ul><li>Polarizzazione;</li></ul><ul><li>Velocità.</li></ul><p></p><p></p><p>Nello spazio intergalattico, ovvero nel vuoto, la propagazione assume un aspetto “ideale”. Il vuoto è definito come “<i>un mezzo lineare, isotropico, nondispersivo, omogeneo e non dipendente dal tempo</i>”.</p><p></p><p></p><ul><li>E’ lineare perchè conduce le onde nello stesso modo lungo il percorso.</li></ul><ul><li>E’ isotropico perchè non ha direzionalità.</li></ul><ul><li>E’ nondispersivo perchè non interessa la polarizzazione dell’onda;</li></ul><ul><li>E’ omogeneo e non dipendente dal tempo perchè ha le stesse proprietà dielettriche nel tempo in tutto il percorso.</li></ul><p></p><p></p><div><p>In realtà le cose sono un pò più complicate. Lungo la superficie terrestre, e nell’atmosfera, non avremo mai alcun percorso lineare, isotropico, nondispersivo, omogeneo e non dipendente dal tempo disponibile ad alcuna frequenza.</p><p>La Terra è una colossale barriera nei confronti della maggior parte dei segnali radio che, una volta lasciata l’antenna, iniziano ad interagire con ogni sorta di ostacolo: dalle molecole d’aria al pulviscolo, agli ostacoli naturali come montagne o alberi, alle costruzioni ed ai fenomeni atmosferici.<br /></p><p>Sono due gli elementi essenziali da conoscere per effettuare con successo un collegamento radio:</p><p></p><p></p><ul><li>La frequenza di lavoro;</li></ul><ul><li>La specifica natura del mezzo attraverso il quale si propagano i segnali.</li></ul><p></p><p></p><p>Le bande di frequenza che abbiamo a disposizione vanno da 137 kHz a 250 GHz; abbiamo quindi uno spettro vasto in cui operare. Il mezzo che dovremo adoperare è tutto ciò che sta tra il suolo e la parte più alta dell'atmosfera terrestre. Avremo quindi diversi modi di propagazione di un'onda elettromagnetica, e questa si propagherà attraverso essi a seconda di diverse condizioni fisiche e della frequenza di lavoro.</p><p>I principali modi di propagazione saranno quindi:</p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Collegamenti radio in <a href="https://iv3onz.blogspot.com/2022/07/collegamenti-radio-in-portata-ottica.html">portata ottica</a>;</li><li>Collegamenti radio via <a href="https://iv3onz.blogspot.com/2022/07/dx-via-troposfera.html">riflessione Troposferica</a> e sue varianti;</li><li>Collegamenti radio via <a href="https://iv3onz.blogspot.com/2022/07/dx-via-ionosfera.html">riflessione Ionosferica</a> e sue varianti;</li><li>Collegamenti radio per mezzo di Satelliti o Terra-Luna-Terra (EME).</li></ul><div><br /></div><div><p style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14.85px;"><i><b>73 de Andy IV3ONZ</b></i><br /><br /></p><h3 style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin: 0px; position: relative;"></h3><h3 style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin: 0px; position: relative;">Link utili e bibliografia:<br /></h3><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14.85px; line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;"><li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><i>M. Burnette, </i>"The fast track to understanding ham radio propagation", © 2018 M. Brunette</li><li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><i>ARRL, </i>"The ARRL Handbook for Radiocommunications", <span style="font-size: 14.85px;">© </span>ARRL 2011</li><li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><i>G. Gerzelka</i>, "Manuale dell'operatore DX", <span style="font-size: 14.85px;">©</span> 1979 Franco Muzzio & C. Editore</li><li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><i>M. Martinucci</i>, "Elementi di propagazione ionosferica", <span style="font-size: 14.85px;">©</span> 1993 C&C Edizioni Radioelettroniche</li><li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><i>I. Poole</i>, "Radio Propagation Principles & Practice", <span style="font-size: 14.85px;">© </span>RSGB 2013</li></ul></div><p></p></div>IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6131487507049857417.post-42294323205852402782022-09-05T20:37:00.011+02:002022-09-05T20:45:31.022+02:00Disturbi nella propagazione radio<div>
<h3>
<span>Evanescenze</span>
<br />
</h3>
</div>
<p><br /><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zScD4uyzQtY/X3NvOsMipcI/AAAAAAAAbS8/dmER6lw_wts9Cc3iaRj18jdlf4Zr-tIowCPcBGAsYHg/s727/FT-8%2Btra%2Bil%2Bcontest.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="727" data-original-width="504" height="200" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zScD4uyzQtY/X3NvOsMipcI/AAAAAAAAbS8/dmER6lw_wts9Cc3iaRj18jdlf4Zr-tIowCPcBGAsYHg/w139-h200/FT-8%2Btra%2Bil%2Bcontest.jpg" width="139" /></a>Il percorso di un'onda radio può essere perturbato da diversi fattori, tra i quali la <b>riflessione</b> e la <b>rifrazione </b>delle onde elettromagnetiche.
Questi generano rotazioni di fase e ritardi nel segnale.</p>
<p>Se nel tragitto esistono più percorsi dovuti a riflessioni, nel luogo di ricezione il segnale risultante sarà la <b><i>somma vettoriale</i></b> delle varie
componenti.</p>
<p>Questo significa che se arrivano <i>in fase</i>, otterremo un aumento del segnale. Se arrivano in
controfase, otterremo invece un annullamento del segnale.</p><p>Ostacoli in movimento, riflessioni troposferiche e ionosferiche
generano di continuo percorsi che contribuiscono all'effetto
dell'evanescenza.</p><div style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><h3>
<span><b>E' sempre possibile il collegamento bidirezionale?</b></span></h3>
<p>
Quando ascoltiamo una chiamata radio, siamo portati alla conclusione che
possiamo sicuramente rispondere e venire ascoltati, in pratica che il collegamento radio teoricamente dovrebbe essere possibile.</p><p>
Talvolta però succede che ciò non è vero.</p><p>Banalmente, può essere dovuto alla scarsa efficienza di una o di entrambe le stazioni, come ad esempio una potenza troppo bassa in trasmissione, oppure per la scarsa sensibilità del ricevitore o per l'uso di antenne inadeguate allo scopo.</p><p>Il tragitto dei segnali radio potrebbero avere direzioni diverse, oppure anche essere influenzati da diverse condizioni di
MUF e LUF rispetto al percorso. Lo strato
riflettente potrebbe avere una posizione inclinata rispetto alla superficie terrestre ma anche, nei salti per mezzo
dello strato F2, ci potrebbe essere uno strato Es su un estremo del percorso.</p><p>
Una cosa è chiara: di solito questo avviene quando
una delle stazioni corrispondenti è sull'emisfero diurno e l'altra in quello notturno.</p><p><b> </b></p><div><h3><span><b>Disturbi da strato E-sporadico (Es)</b></span></h3>
</div>
<p>
Può essere ovvio che cos'è un disturbo nella propagazione. Segnali che normalmente riceviamo o collegamenti ritenuti "facili" non sono fattibili, se non con difficoltà. Ma potremmo notare anche il contrario: riuscire a collegare la stazione "troppo" vicina o "troppo" lontana.</p><p>Questo può essere dovito per esempio quando si forma uno strato Es con una MUF elevata. Avremmo un DX facile anche in bande che normalmente risultano chiuse.</p><p>Ma per i collegamenti normali, lo strato Es rimane un fattore di disturbo. Questo perchè i segnali,
normalmente riflessi da uno degli strati F, vengono deviati ad opera dello strato Es, normalmente più basso, così da accorciare di molto la portata del segnale.</p><p>Ne consegue che sono necessari più salti per raggiungere il corrispondente,
richiedendo un uso maggiore di potenza di trasmissione. Come se non bastasse, le zone che riflettono il segnale non sono fisse, disturbando la ricezione con fenomeni di fading e distorsione di fase.</p><p>Possiamo quindi dire che<b> l'effetto di disturbo dello strato Es dipende dal percorso che fa il nostro segnale</b>.</p><p>Per segnali che attraversano l'Equatore, i disturbi si manifestano quasi esclusivamente di
giorno e tutto l'anno, poichè nella zona
dell'Equatore gli strati Es sono spesso presenti e non influenzati dalle stagioni.</p><p>Contrariamente alle zone equatoriali, nelle zone polari gli strati Es sono presenti normalmente di notte;
in questo modo i percorsi dei segnali vengono influenzati principalmente
durante la notte polare.</p><p>Nella zona temperata, essi sono tipicamente stagionali, con i massimi in gennaio, tra maggio e luglio
ed in dicembre, di giorno.</p><p><br /></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Disturbi da attività solare</h3><p>
Questi sono disturbi che si formano quasi
senza interruzioni, con intensità molto diverse, colpendo in zone diverse e tempi diversi.</p><p>Particolarmente colpiti sono i percorsi dei segnali che attraverso le zone
polari durante la notte. Invero, i tragitti alle medie latitudini geografiche sono interessati con minore intensità.</p><p>I percorsi dei segnali che attraverso invece la fascia equatoriale sono anch'essi disturbati moderatamente, ma per tutto l'anno.</p><p>Tutti questi disturbi si manifestano con un fading più o meno
profondo.</p><p>Se il fattore di attenuazione dello strato D assume valori
molto alti, non riusciremo più ad attraversarlo anche con l'uso di potenze maggiori.</p><p>Lo strato D è influenzato da tre disturbi:
</p><ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>
la <i>Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance</i> (<b>SID</b>; tempesta ionosferica);
</li>
<li>
due tipologie di <i>Polar Blackout</i> (<b>PB</b>).
</li>
</ul>
<p>
La SID si manifesta solo di giorno, colpendo contemporaneamente tutta la superficie esposta. Essa dura da alcuni minuti ad alcune ore: si manifesta improvvisamente e termina in modo lento e progressivo.</p><p>Le SID possono chiudere totalmente le bande radio se molto forti, anche se quelle più coinvolte sono le onde medio/corte e le basse onde corte.</p><p>I PB invece si manifestano soprattutto durante i massimi
di macchie solari, presentandosi diverse volte al giorno; durante i minimi invece possono passare mesi senza disturbi.</p><p>
Il primo tipo di PB è piuttosto raro e lo avremo quasi esclusivamente
durante i massimi di macchie solari, durando di solito per parecchi
giorni.</p><p>Il secondo tipo è più frequente e coincide soprattutto con le fasi
principali delle aurore polari (in marzo e settembre) e dura da alcune ore fino
ad alcuni giorni.</p><p>Con i PB si ha la chiusura totale dei collegamenti radio solo se una parte del percorso dei segnali attraversa latitudini piuttosto elevate
(60° e oltre).</p><p>Le onde
lunghe e lunghissime sono un ottimo indicatore di SID e PB, in quanto si ha un forte
aumento dell'intensità di campo.</p><p><br /></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">La Grey Line e le onde terrestri</h3><p>Le onde terrestri consentono normalmente un collegamento radio, su breve distanza, molto stabile. Ma durante le fasi locali
dell'alba e del crepuscolo, quando lo strato D si sta formando oppure sciogliendo, coesistono sia le onde di terra che quelle riflesse dalla ionosfera.</p><p>Per effetto della somma delle fasi dei segnali che arrivano al ricevitore, ne deriva un'evanescenza più o meno profonda.</p><p>Questo effetto è molto sfavorevole, soprattutto nella ricezione delle stazioni
commerciali sulle onde medie.
</p>
<div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div><h3><span><b>L'effetto Lussemburgo</b></span>
</h3>
</div>
<p>
Questo disturbo della propagazione è stato notato per la prima volta negli anni trenta quando, sintonizzata una stazione francese (Radio Paris),
si poteva ascoltare in sottofondo la potente emissione di Radio Lussemburgo, che trasmetteva su di una frequenza alquanto distante dalla
prima.</p><p>La differenza di frequenza era tale da escludere fenomeni di
intermodulazione nel ricevitore stesso.</p><p>Da prove effettuate in quegli anni, il disturbo doveva essere causato da
fattori esterni al ricevitore.</p><p>La causa poi teorizzata è l'interazione non lineare tra il plasma di
elettroni negli strati riflettenti della ionosfera e le onde radio.</p><p>Quando due segnali a frequenza diversa vengono mescolati da un mezzo non
lineare, il risultato è la formazione di diversi segnali a frequenze
multiple tra loro dovute al prodotto tra i due.</p><p>Questo fenomeno è noto come <b>intermodulazione</b>. E' usato per esempio
dai circuiti di conversione nei ricevitori supereterodina, ma è provocato
anche dagli stessi quando forti segnali indesiderati "battono in frequenza"
con quelli utili, generando sia spurie di modulazione che veri e propri
segnali "fantasma" <b>(frequenze immagine)</b>.</p><div style="text-align: left;"><p><i><b>73 de Andy IV3ONZ</b></i><br />
<br />
</p><h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Link utili e bibliografia:<br />
</h3>
<ul><li><i>ARRL, </i>"The ARRL Handbook for Radiocommunications", ARRL 2011</li><li><i>G. Gerzelka</i>, "Manuale dell'operatore DX", (C) 1979 Franco Muzzio & C. Editore</li><li><i>M. Martinucci</i>, "Elementi di propagazione ionosferica", (C) 1993 C&C Edizioni Radioelettroniche</li><li><i>I. Poole</i>, "Radio Propagation Principles & Practice", RSGB 2013</li></ul> </div>
IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6131487507049857417.post-15657497601230292162022-09-05T19:31:00.001+02:002022-09-05T20:37:53.144+02:00Previsioni di propagazione ionosferica<p><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NfdRSet9z7k/X5xw1TwoPNI/AAAAAAAAbj8/JSpgj_Gg7xgdWgJsna84o9UyFTxsNKeogCPcBGAsYHg/s160/Solar1.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="138" data-original-width="160" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NfdRSet9z7k/X5xw1TwoPNI/AAAAAAAAbj8/JSpgj_Gg7xgdWgJsna84o9UyFTxsNKeogCPcBGAsYHg/s0/Solar1.JPG" /></a>Le previsioni di propagazione ionosferica sono direttamente correlate all'andamento della meteorologia solare (<i><b>Weather Forecast</b></i>).</p><p></p><p>Nel web si trovano diversi servizi di previsione, gestiti principalmente da enti governativi.</p><p>Tutte le informazioni riguardanti la propagazione vengono elaborate e distribuite principalmente dal NOAA e dalla NASA:<br /></p><p></p><p></p><p><a href="http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/communities/space-weather-enthusiasts">http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/communities/space-weather-enthusiasts</a><br /><br />Per l'Europa segnalo il sito dell'UKMO:</p><p><a href="https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/specialist-forecasts/space-weather">https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/specialist-forecasts/space-weather</a><br /><br />Altri siti, come:</p><p><a href="http://www.solarham.net/">http://www.solarham.net/</a><br /><a href="http://www.spaceweather.com/">http://www.spaceweather.com/</a><br /><a href="http://www.hamqsl.com/solar.html">http://www.hamqsl.com/solar.html</a><br /><a href="http://dx.qsl.net/propagation/">http://dx.qsl.net/propagation/</a><br /><br />Riportano gli stessi dati, più o meno aggiornati.</p><p>I principali dati da tenere in considerazione sono riassunti in questo banner, scaricabile ed utilizzabile dal sito <a href="http://www.hamqsl.com/solar.html">http://www.hamqsl.com/solar.html</a>:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sc02vPxcHZY/X5xyozI3cQI/AAAAAAAAbkM/CoikbbiUr0AKsKN1QzIHaM8hIiAPXhC5ACPcBGAsYHg/s617/solar2.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="151" data-original-width="617" height="137" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sc02vPxcHZY/X5xyozI3cQI/AAAAAAAAbkM/CoikbbiUr0AKsKN1QzIHaM8hIiAPXhC5ACPcBGAsYHg/w560-h137/solar2.JPG" width="560" /></a></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"> Come interpretare i dati.</h3><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><h4><b>SFI - Indice di flusso solare</b></h4></li></ul><p>E' un valore riportato dal DRAO (<i>Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory</i>) di Penticton, British Columbia, con valori che vanno da 62.5 a 300. Esso indica l'intensità della radiazione solare misurata a 2800 MHz (10.7 cm).</p><p>E' una buona indicazione della ionizzazione dello strato F: maggiore è questo numero, più alta sarà la ionizzazione e più alta sarà la MUF.</p><p>Viene misurato tre volte al giorno e viene riportata l'ultima misura. L'SFI è correlato al <b>304A</b> (misura a 304 <i>Angstrom</i>).</p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><h4>SN - Numero di macchie solare</h4></li></ul><p>E' un valore riportato dal NOAA, esso varia da 0 a 250. Il numero giornaliero di macchie solari riportato dal NOAA viene calcolato con la formula <b>[R = k (10g + s)]</b> (<i>Rudolph Wolf, 1848</i>), dove R è il numero di macchie, g è il numero di gruppi di macchie nel disco solare, s è il totale di macchie in tutti i gruppi e k è un fattore di scala variabile (normalmente minore di 1).</p><p>SN è vagamente correlato all' SFI. Viene aggiornato una volta al giorno.</p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><h4>A - Indice planetario A</h4></li></ul><p>Sono valori compresi da 0 a 400. Indica il livello di instabilità del campo geomagnetico terrestre. E' la media di otto letture effettuate in tre ore del valore dell'indice K, misurato in nanotesla [nT].</p><p>Se usato assieme all'indice K indica l'instabilità del campo geomagnetico: con alti valori di A i segnali HF tendono a calare; alcuni path possono chiudersi mentre altri improvvisamente aprirsi.</p><p>Alti valori di K e bassi valori di A indicano invece una breve interruzione della propagazione HF e la presenza di aurore. Viene aggiornato una volta al giorno.</p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><h4>K - Indice planetario K</h4></li></ul><p>Sono valori compresi da 0 a 9. Esso misura il disturbo nella componente orizzontale del campo magnetico terrestre.</p><p>I valori sono riportati in nT; viene misurato usando un magnetometro durante un intervallo di tre ore, viene poi convertito in un fattore.</p><p>Usato insieme all'indice A, si usa per determinare le condizioni di propagazione. Viene aggiornato otto volte al giorno.</p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><h4>X-Ray or XRY, 304A, Pnt Flx, Elc Flx - Flusso di particelle</h4></li></ul><p>Questi sono valori sempre maggiori di 0. Essi misurano la quantità di particelle, come i raggi X, i protoni, gli elettroni e tiene conto dell'intensità di campo a 304 Angstrom, quindi del flusso e vento solare.</p><p>Vengono misurati dai satelliti in orbita polare NOAA, con valori aggiornati ogni ora.</p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><h4>Aurora, Aur Lat - Aurora e latitudine minima di osservazione</h4></li></ul><p>Questo valore riporta la chiusura delle bande per nessuna o bassa attività aurorale: <i>High LAT AUR</i> per attività aurorale > 60 °N; <i>MID LAT AUR</i> per attività aurorale tra 60 ° e 30 °N. Aggiornato ogni ½ ora.</p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><h4>Bz, SW - Componente Bz e Vento Solare</h4></li></ul><p><b>Bz </b>indica la forza e direzione del campo magnetico interplanetario influenzato dall'attività solare. Quando il valore è negativo, diminuisce il campo magnetico terrestre aumentando l'effetto delle particelle solari.</p><p><b>SW</b> indica la velocità in km/s delle particelle che attraversano la Terra. Maggiore è tale velocità, maggiore sarà la pressione che esercitano sulla ionosfera. Valori più grandi di 500 km/s impattano nelle comunicazioni HF. Valori aggiornati ogni ora.</p> <br /><p><i><b>73 de Andy IV3ONZ</b></i><br />
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Link utili e bibliografia:<br />
</h3>
<ul><li><i>M. Burnette, </i>"The fast track to understanding ham radio propagation", (C) 2018 M. Brunette</li><li><i>ARRL, </i>"The ARRL Handbook for Radiocommunications", ARRL 2011</li><li><i>G. Gerzelka</i>, "Manuale dell'operatore DX", (C) 1979 Franco Muzzio & C. Editore</li><li><i>M. Martinucci</i>, "Elementi di propagazione ionosferica", (C) 1993 C&C Edizioni Radioelettroniche</li><li><i>I. Poole</i>, "Radio Propagation Principles & Practice", RSGB 2013</li></ul>IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6131487507049857417.post-25675451884534614312022-07-23T19:33:00.015+02:002023-01-03T12:13:20.852+01:00Collegamenti radio in portata ottica<h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SlI8zXnAG2k/XyWLmQCeuCI/AAAAAAAAaKs/NEwHPPbNOkw1pf4YC6gpM_AYNh3W5kVowCPcBGAsYHg/s2583/20200801_121324.jpg" style="clear: left; display: inline; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2583" data-original-width="2448" height="210" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SlI8zXnAG2k/XyWLmQCeuCI/AAAAAAAAaKs/NEwHPPbNOkw1pf4YC6gpM_AYNh3W5kVowCPcBGAsYHg/w198-h210/20200801_121324.jpg" width="198" /></a></div></h3><h3 style="text-align: left;">L'orizzonte radio</h3><p style="text-align: left;">Quando si parla di “<i>linea di vista</i>”, si immagina che tutto ciò che sta oltre l'orizzonte visibile terrestre non possa essere veduto. Questo, per nostra fortuna, non è vero in quanto i segnali radio, oltre l’orizzonte ottico, vengono <i>diffratti </i>ottenendo un aumento di portata del 15 % rispetto alla luce.</p><p>Le onde radio viaggiano in tutte le direzioni. Prendendo quella in particolare tra due punti, essa diventa una linea retta.</p><p>Altra caratteristica fondamentale: le antenne devono vedersi dal punto di vista radio; il limite si è visto che è un pò più in là dell'orizzonte ottico. E più sono in alto, più lontano sarà l'orizzonte coperto.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Aumentando l’altezza delle antenne, si ottiene in corrispondenza un aumento della portata. L'orizzonte radio è dato dalla formula:</p><p style="text-align: center;"><b>dr = 4.12 x √h</b></p><p style="text-align: left;">Dove:<br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>dr = distanza radio in [km]</li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>h = altezza delle antenne in [m] (somma)</li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicxvM1AU_VQy2DFzpNGNtZlEC9fWfS0q_8Sxo0iMrYbvnMMGY4fL3LPAaAonBzkYVz9eHORdjXvcXH--K6HlRTeSzdQ6FCSJ50KzZ7puem5bxpZOA-qQZFH3YzXVsVwdXrglO6WeLClQwazF9Y9pe4gz7f38Fu1iYBmr5xM-OBWMtWeqjq7ghZQzGj/s1584/orizzonteradio.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="830" data-original-width="1584" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicxvM1AU_VQy2DFzpNGNtZlEC9fWfS0q_8Sxo0iMrYbvnMMGY4fL3LPAaAonBzkYVz9eHORdjXvcXH--K6HlRTeSzdQ6FCSJ50KzZ7puem5bxpZOA-qQZFH3YzXVsVwdXrglO6WeLClQwazF9Y9pe4gz7f38Fu1iYBmr5xM-OBWMtWeqjq7ghZQzGj/s320/orizzonteradio.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">Due portatili, a un metro e mezzo di altezza, daranno una <b>portata massima teorica di circa 7 km</b>. Questo perchè si andrà a creare una zona d'ombra via via che ci allontaneremo, oltre l'orizzonte radio.</p><div style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> </div><h3 style="text-align: left;">Scatter terrestre e Multipath Fading</h3><p>Sulla terraferma ci saranno inoltre molti ostacoli attorno a noi che potranno riflettere in modo caotico i segnali a frequenza molto alta (dalle VHF in su). Minore sarà la lunghezza d’onda, maggiore sarà l’effetto di riflessione.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb3USMbaunbrDh6LXe50k96l9NhfO15efl1OFVezInHzBubGP7zUApb04wLxSM9LxIc_LO0qLLTb7IB3HPej3vDlTqkfxBqNmRqqJmcht-XM73n97WvCNDi_igZvf9-HCtcrc7O0qkZzUTsxq4I14FDDKKcpl0lhCKHQBAtjQMq1kjZVHZRR5m17yH/s1771/ondaditerra.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="857" data-original-width="1771" height="155" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb3USMbaunbrDh6LXe50k96l9NhfO15efl1OFVezInHzBubGP7zUApb04wLxSM9LxIc_LO0qLLTb7IB3HPej3vDlTqkfxBqNmRqqJmcht-XM73n97WvCNDi_igZvf9-HCtcrc7O0qkZzUTsxq4I14FDDKKcpl0lhCKHQBAtjQMq1kjZVHZRR5m17yH/s320/ondaditerra.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p>Queste riflessioni creano dei <b>percorsi multipli</b> che, una volta arrivati al ricevitore, si sommano vettorialmente causando evanescenze e distorsioni del segnale.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDJpsn0CQZuTBh1f_rOWhD2jOi7mnH-PjEkLPN3xew3ejkUdtUnNG35QogmmvjUaTajmli3WWhjSrlbuObh7HSK-h4NDHJaZTjTYElZjX5uo-Ka8vRTyyn7RLivIk0vybJvC1LhWpe3Dq2_8iUxa_RUmhp3j9hz0PsBZ45rP5hg9zsaawMhRAwahL_/s1771/multipath.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="857" data-original-width="1771" height="155" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDJpsn0CQZuTBh1f_rOWhD2jOi7mnH-PjEkLPN3xew3ejkUdtUnNG35QogmmvjUaTajmli3WWhjSrlbuObh7HSK-h4NDHJaZTjTYElZjX5uo-Ka8vRTyyn7RLivIk0vybJvC1LhWpe3Dq2_8iUxa_RUmhp3j9hz0PsBZ45rP5hg9zsaawMhRAwahL_/s320/multipath.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p>Minore sarà la lunghezza d’onda e maggiore sarà l’effetto di riflessione.</p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><h3 style="text-align: left;">Zona di Fresnel</h3><p>Non ci devono essere tuttavia ostacoli tra le due antenne, neanche nelle immediate vicinanze: la loro presenza attenua, anche fortemente, il segnale a causa delle rifrazioni e conseguente generazione di multipath fading.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQPVDADLnc1515tv9sWOnhmM-CRWYbnDIV3MVr_nS63T0u8qkud_rAbCk1llXgC-44Fg2lTfN1m_fsjD5quBJQjiipRRd__H8CmRgirQ6Y5ItPjbh1g331J95ZXxS8i3r6phdVfAUqSUjKElHhuOnvpsMl7ZZch2vZWNWLHHL5yI_Nt4FOGpom_TEK/s1584/zonadifresnel.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="830" data-original-width="1584" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQPVDADLnc1515tv9sWOnhmM-CRWYbnDIV3MVr_nS63T0u8qkud_rAbCk1llXgC-44Fg2lTfN1m_fsjD5quBJQjiipRRd__H8CmRgirQ6Y5ItPjbh1g331J95ZXxS8i3r6phdVfAUqSUjKElHhuOnvpsMl7ZZch2vZWNWLHHL5yI_Nt4FOGpom_TEK/s320/zonadifresnel.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p>Si definisce <b>zona di Fresnel</b> la zona a forma di ellisse tra le due antenne dove le riflessioni delle onde radio non sono fattore di disturbo nella propagazione del segnale. Si calcola con la formula</p><p style="text-align: center;"><b>Rf = ½ √λd x 0.6</b></p><p>dove <i>Rf</i> è il raggio visto alla distanza <i>d</i> dall'antenna più vicina.</p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><h3 style="text-align: left;">Diffrazione “knife edge”</h3><p>Un altro fenomeno della propagazione è la <b>diffrazione a lama di coltello</b> (<i>knife edge diffraction</i>).</p><p>E’ noto, sin dagli studi di Huygens nel 1600, che la luce si diffonde oltre uno spigolo secondo uno schema di interferenza. Essa è legata alla zona di Fresnel e crea, oltre all’ostacolo dello spigolo, una zona dove la ricezione può essere ancora possibile.</p><p>E’ evidente che molta parte del segnale viene persa, ma una situazione di questo tipo può risolvere o spiegare problemi di collegamento dovuti ad ostacoli.</p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><h3 style="text-align: left;">Link Budget</h3><div><p style="text-align: left;">
Chi lavora con moduli radio ricetrasmittenti ha a che fare con un dato, reso dal costruttore, che è il <b><i>Link Budget</i></b>. Esso è la differenza, in decibel, tra la potenza massima trasmessa e la sensibilità del ricevitore, antenne e cavi compresi.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Si ricava con la formula:</p><p style="text-align: center;"><b>Link Budget = P<span style="font-size: xx-small;">trasm1</span> + G<span style="font-size: xx-small;">ant1</span> + G<span style="font-size: xx-small;">ant2</span> - Sens<span style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;">dove:<br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>P<span style="font-size: xx-small;">trasm1</span> = Potenza del trasmettitore in dBm;</li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>G<span style="font-size: xx-small;">ant1</span> = Guadagno dell'antenna trasmittente in dB;</li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>G<span style="font-size: xx-small;">ant2</span> = Guadagno dell'antenna ricevente in dB;</li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Sens<span style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span> = Sensibilità del ricevitore in dBm.</li></ul><div> </div><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">L'attenuazione di tratta</h3><p>Il segnale deve percorrere una certa tratta in aria per arrivare dal trasmettitore al ricevitore. Ed in questo percorso subisce una attenuazione, la cosiddetta <b>attenuazione di tratta</b>.</p><p></p><p>Si calcola matematicamente con la <b>formula di Friis</b>:</p><p style="text-align: center;"><b>A<span style="font-size: xx-small;">t</span> = 32.4 + 20 Log<span style="font-size: xx-small;">10</span>(f) + 20 Log<span style="font-size: xx-small;">10</span>(Dr)</b></p><p>dove:</p><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>A<span style="font-size: xx-small;">t</span> = Attenuazione di Tratta in dB</li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>f = Frequenza in MHz</li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Dr = Distanza in km</li></ul><div> </div><p></p><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Questo in teoria, ma in pratica?</h3><div style="text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;">Mettendo insieme questi dati potremo così stimare la nostra copertura radio. Si dovrà tuttavia tener conto anche di:</p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>rumore;</li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>condizioni meteorologiche.</li></ul><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p></p></div>
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Il ricevitore aggiunge all'ascolto del <b>rumore termico</b> quando è connesso ad una antenna. Rumore generato dai componenti elettronici e dall'antenna stessa, magari emesso da dispositivi elettronici nelle vicinanze o dall'apparecchiatura ricevente stessa, dovuto a fenomeni atmosferici, rumore galattico prodotto nel profondo spazio (<i>QRN</i>), oppure generato artificialmente (<i>QRM</i>).</p><p style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Questo va a sommarsi al segnale utile ricevuto, diminuendo la sensibilità del sistema, e quindi anche la portata. Potrebbero aggiungersi all'attenuazione di tratta, ovvero togliersi dal link budget, anche 20 o 30 dB.</p><p style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Anche la presenza di pioggia, neve, temporali o grandine potrebbe influire, attenuando o talvolta rafforzando il segnale, condizionando così la portata stessa.</p><p style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Rimanendo entro la copertura radio delle antenne, sottraendo quindi al link budget prima calcolato l'attenuazione di tratta e tenuto conto del rumore e dei disturbi di propagazione, ciò che rimane è il segnale utile. Se si tratta di fonia analogica, ci devono essere almeno 12 dB positivi rispetto alla sensibilità del ricevitore. Se stiamo al di sotto di questa soglia, riceviamo solo fruscio.</p><div style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> </div>
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Cosa fare per aumentare la portata?</h3><p style="text-align: left;">
Con la potenza a disposizione fissa e la sensibilità non modificabile, potremo agire sugli altri dati.</p><ul><li>Antenne. Usiamo antenne migliori, magari con un certo guadagno. Almeno 3 dB di guadagno iniziano a fare la differenza. Con 6 dB raddoppiamo la portata.</li></ul><ul><li>Posizione delle antenne. Se sono in vista, devono stare nella stessa posizione (<i>polarizzazione</i>): <b>verticale</b>. In presenza di riflessioni, si dovrà trovare la posizione ottimale.</li></ul><ul><li>Posizione degli operatori. Spostiamoci più in alto, quadruplicare l'altezza significa raddoppiare la portata.</li></ul><ul><li>Sfruttiamo eventuali riflessioni. Sono aleatorie, vanno trovate sperimentalmente.</li></ul><ul><li>Agendo sulla potenza non otterremo un granchè. Al massimo i portatilini potrebbero dare 8...10 W. Per ottenere un raddoppio della portata, dovremmo quadruplicare la potenza (6 dB). Altrimenti otterremo solo un inutile consumo maggiore di batterie.</li></ul><ul><li>Usare la fonia analogica piuttosto che il digitale. Un canale analogico permette una sensibilità maggiore rispetto ad uno digitale, almeno come quantità di errori ricevuti. Meglio un segnale comprensibile con fruscio che uno comprensibile a tratti. </li></ul><ul><li>Usare una larghezza di banda inferiore. Magari operare in <i>NFM </i>(modulazione di frequenza a banda stretta, ovvero a più bassa deviazione di frequenza e canale più stretto) può aiutare.</li></ul>
Tutto questo ovviamente <b>senza sfruttare eventuali fenomeni di propagazione troposferica</b>, come inversioni termiche e presenza di <i>duct </i>più o meno grandi.<p></p>
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<i><b>73 de Andy IV3ONZ</b></i><br />
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</h3>
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Link utili e bibliografia:</h3>
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<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.silabs.com/documents/public/data-sheets/Si4464-63-61-60.pdf" target="_blank">Silicon Labs Si4464-63-61-60 Sub GHz RF Transceiver</a></li>
<li><i>A. Barter, </i>"International Microwave Handbook", RSGB 2008</li>
<li><i>ARRL, </i>"Antenna Book", 21st Edition</li>
<li><i>G. Gerzelka, </i>"Manuale dell'operatore DX", F. Muzzio & C Editore</li>
<li><i>S.W. Best, </i>"Il vademecum DX", F. Muzzio & C Editore</li>
<li><i>I. Poole, </i>"Radio propagation", RSGB 2004 </li>
</ul>
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</div>IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6131487507049857417.post-11469237999224860202022-07-18T22:55:00.005+02:002023-01-03T12:13:42.551+01:00DX via Ionosfera<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EnV7y9kBUOk/X2pibVEW9QI/AAAAAAAAbQ8/kUSbD5pETnAIo87udS-BekwJ1DZ_79cQgCPcBGAsYHg/s1680/29-11-2016_jt65.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1010" data-original-width="1680" height="120" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EnV7y9kBUOk/X2pibVEW9QI/AAAAAAAAbQ8/kUSbD5pETnAIo87udS-BekwJ1DZ_79cQgCPcBGAsYHg/w200-h120/29-11-2016_jt65.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><p style="text-align: left;">Abbiamo visto sinora come si propagano le onde radio, tra punto e punto e nella parte bassa dell'atmosfera. Tali collegamenti non superano però i 500 km, solo eccezionalmente anche i 2000 - 3000.<br />Le frequenze in gioco spesso sono oltre i 50 MHz, frequenze più basse praticamente non risentono dell'effetto troposferico.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Ora vedremo come si possono realizzare collegamenti radio praticamente in tutto il globo, sfruttando la parte alta dell'atmosfera terrestre, la <b>ionosfera</b>.</p></div><h3 style="text-align: left;">La ionosfera terrestre</h3><div><p style="text-align: left;">In questo tipo di propagazione, ci sono quattro grandi e complessi sistemi che interagiscono tra di loro:<br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Il Sole;</li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Il campo magnetico terrestre;</li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>La bassa atmosfera;</li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>La ionosfera stessa.</li></ul><p></p>La ionosfera è la seconda parte più grande dell’atmosfera terrestre, dopo la esosfera che è la transizione verso lo spazio esterno.<p></p><p style="text-align: left;">Essa va da un’altezza di 40 km fino a circa 1600 km. L’aria è molto rarefatta e le relative molecole sono molto distanti tra di loro.</p><p style="text-align: left;">La parte più bassa della ionosfera è 1.000.000 di volte meno densa rispetto all’aria che respiriamo.<br />Tra i 60 ed i 400 km di altezza, l'atmosfera terrestre assume particolari condizioni fisiche, tra le quali l'estrema rarefazione dei gas, l'aumento repentino della temperatura e la ionizzazione delle molecole presenti, dovuta all'azione delle particelle energetiche provenienti dal Sole.</p><p style="text-align: left;">In questa parte dell'atmosfera avvengono fenomeni come le aurore e le scie luminose delle meteore.</p><p>Il Sole bombarda costantemente la Terra con radiazioni elettromagnetiche, dall’infrarosso fino ai raggi X e gamma. La parte di radiazione ionizzante (raggi ultravioletti, X e gamma) è sufficientemente energetica da ionizzare le molecole di aria incontrate. </p><p>Queste molecole ionizzate, gli ioni, tendono fondamentalmente a perdere elettroni.</p><p>A causa della ionizzazione di questi strati di atmosfera, la radiazione ionizzante viene assorbita e non arriva fino a noi. Gli elettroni si trovano in un ambiente molto rarefatto, e la loro ricombinazione è molto bassa. Si viene a creare così un ambiente ricco di elettroni.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Avremo così, a diverse quote, diversi strati ionizzati riflettenti a diverse ore del giorno, stagioni e cicli solari.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Collegamenti via ionosfera</h3></div><p style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></p><div style="text-align: left;">I collegamenti DX nelle onde medio/corte e corte e talvolta anche nelle onde ultracorte più lunghe si verificano mediante riflessioni del segnale sugli strati ionizzati della ionosfera. Sono noti quattro strati riflettenti, ma solo tre hanno caratteristiche utili alla riflessione dei segnali radio:</div><ul><li style="text-align: left;">strato E a 100...115 km di altezza</li></ul><ul><li style="text-align: left;">strato F1 a circa 160 km di altezza</li></ul><ul><li style="text-align: left;">strato F2 a circa 210...420 km di altezza</li></ul><span style="color: black;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Z7Wt_pZggpk/X2paSKDkd7I/AAAAAAAAbQE/i65XIQ0UjRMjt24GoDsTl8MUf0PbgY-OwCPcBGAsYHg/s600/ionosfera_01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="253" data-original-width="600" height="169" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Z7Wt_pZggpk/X2paSKDkd7I/AAAAAAAAbQE/i65XIQ0UjRMjt24GoDsTl8MUf0PbgY-OwCPcBGAsYHg/w400-h169/ionosfera_01.jpg" width="400" /></a></div></span><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p style="text-align: left;">Il quarto strato, lo strato D, non possiede caratteristiche di riflessione o rifrazione; attenua invece le frequenze più basse. Si trova tra i 60 ed i 90 km di altezza.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Tutti questi strati sono dovuti all'<b>irradiazione solare</b>, quindi la presenza degli strati dipende dall'ora del giorno.<br /> <br />Gli strati E ed F sono presenti <b>esclusivamente di giorno </b>ed il massimo della loro efficacia è attorno al mezzogiorno locale.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Contrariamente, lo strato F2 è attivo <b>sia di giorno che notte</b>, nonostante sviluppi la sua massima efficacia durante il giorno, con il massimo un pò dopo il mezzogiorno locale. Ha una marcata dipendenza dalla stagione con un massimo dell'attività nei mesi invernali.<br /> <br />Lo strato attenuante D <b>appare solo di giorno</b> con il massimo dell'attività a mezzogiorno.</p><p style="text-align: left;">L'efficacia degli strati nei confronti della propagazione <b>è legata alla frequenza delle macchie solari</b>, che segue un ciclo di circa 11 anni (da 9 a 13 anni). Quando viene raggiunto il picco di macchie solari il DX è maggiormente favorito. La frequenza delle macchie solari è indicata come <b>numero relativo di macchie solari</b> (<b><i>R</i></b>).</p><p>Il tasso di ionizzazione non è costante in tutta la ionosfera. Il livello di questa attività elettrica è direttamente legato all’ora del giorno, dalla stagione e dall’attività solare; molto importante è il livello di macchie solari ed il flusso solare (Solar Flux).</p><p>Il rateo di ricombinazione è costante ad una data altitudine, dato che è legato alla densità dei gas. I processi presenti sono due: <b>ionizzazione </b>e <b>ricombinazione</b>.</p><p>Durante il giorno prevale la ionizzazione, durante la notte la ricombinazione. Più basso è lo strato, più veloce sarà la ricombinazione.</p><div><p style="text-align: left;">I massimi sinora registrati si aggirano sui 360 (19° ciclo). Le misurazioni risalgono dal 1750; nel periodo, sino ai giorni nostri, sono stati registrati dei minimi e dei massimi.<br />Attualmente siamo entrati nel 25° ciclo.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Diversi siti web diffondono regolarmente bollettini sulle condizioni DX. Un sito importante è quello del NOAA, "SPACE WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER". Vengono emessi regolarmente bollettini del meteo solare, corredati di immagini e grafici.</p></div><p></p><div>
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</div></div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span><b>Quali frequenze usare?</b></span></h3></div><p>Il numero di elettroni liberi determina il valore della <b>minima frequenza usabile</b> (<b>LUF</b>, <i>Lowest Usable Frequency</i>). Al di sotto di questa frequenza i segnali non verranno rifratti verso il suolo, ma si perderanno nello spazio.</p><p>La <b>massima frequenza usabile</b> (<b>MUF</b>, <i>Maximum Useable Frequency</i>) è la più alta frequenza che sarà rifratta con certe condizioni di propagazione ed un dato angolo di incidenza del segnale (<i>takeoff</i>).</p><p>Tutti i segnali con frequenza maggiore alla MUF attraverseranno lo strato, proseguendo verso lo spazio esterno.</p><p>La <b>Frequenza Critica</b> (<b>CF</b>, <i>Critical Frequency</i>) è in relazione alla densità di elettroni liberi presenti. E’ la massima frequenza dei segnali provenienti verticalmente dal basso che sarà riflessa dallo strato.</p><p>La frequenza critica, considerando le sue oscillazioni legate al passare delle ore del giorno e della stagione, si trova per lo strato E sui 2...4 MHz, per lo strato F1 sui 3...6 MHz, e per lo strato F2 sui 3...14 Mhz.</p><p>La frequenza critica non è generalmente uguale alla MUF, ma ne è legata. Il valore della MUF è <b>maggiore </b>rispetto a quello della frequenza critica poiché l’onda arriva sempre con un angolo inferiore a 90°.</p><p style="text-align: left;">La <b>frequenza di lavoro ottimale</b> (<b>OWF, </b><i>Optimal Working Frequency</i>) è circa l'85% dell'effettiva MUF corrispondente ad un certo angolo d'irradiazione.</p><p>Per ogni strato si calcola la LUF e la MUF; teoricamente solo nel tratto compreso fra questi due limiti di frequenza è possibile il collegamento DX, tenendo conto che i segnali riescono ad attraversare due volte lo strato attenuante D, vengono riflessi da uno degli strati E e/o F, e giungono al ricevitore con sufficiente intensità di campo.</p><p>La LUF, infine, è limitata solo dallo strato attenuante D. Essendo questo strato presente solo di giorno, la LUF limita la propagazione soltanto nelle ore diurne.</p><p>La LUF può avere valori di 10...15 MHz, ma dipende notevolmente dalla potenza di trasmissione. Con un aumento di potenza è possibile abbassare la LUF verso frequenze più basse, ovviamente entro certi limiti.</p><p>Con circa 100 W di potenza, essa si aggira attorno ai 5...8 MHz; con una potenza dieci volte maggiore può essere ulteriormente abbassata fino alla metà circa; i valori dipendono a seconda dell'attività solare.</p><p>Per valori inferiori di LUF l'unico collegamento possibile è quello per onde terrestri.</p><p>Come già detto, i valori di LUF - CF e le condizioni di propagazione ad esse collegate sono riferiti a tragitti verticali del segnale, non utili per un collegamento. Abbassando l'angolo di emissione del segnale, in corrispondenza, la MUF cresce sempre più.</p><p>Questo spiega come, nella pratica, si possano effettuare dei DX anche con frequenze superiori alla frequenza critica. Con angoli di irradiazione prossimi allo zero, la MUF può essere da tre a cinque volte il valore della CF.</p><p>Quindi, <b>quanto più piatto è l'angolo d'irradiazione, tanto più alta può essere la frequenza di esercizio</b>.</p><div><br /></div></div><div style="text-align: left;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-29Ek7OhfDWc/X2pcjmabmkI/AAAAAAAAbQs/eA6Ag5km1qIfH5dwUAp6AzZ9XD5FzcOqQCPcBGAsYHg/s600/ionosfera_02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="253" data-original-width="600" height="169" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-29Ek7OhfDWc/X2pcjmabmkI/AAAAAAAAbQs/eA6Ag5km1qIfH5dwUAp6AzZ9XD5FzcOqQCPcBGAsYHg/w400-h169/ionosfera_02.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><div style="text-align: center;">
</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Lo svantaggio nell'avere un angolo di irradiazione basso o piatto sta in una <b>zona d'ombra</b> (<i>skip</i>) molto grande, nella quale il segnale non può essere ricevuto. Aumentando la frequenza, la zona d'ombra si estende sempre di più.</div></div><div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wr6isgFIqAg/X2pbyh_V0gI/AAAAAAAAbQU/XCBWVsmocgIF_RJir9eVnx-Faz6Let3rQCPcBGAsYHg/s600/ionosfera_03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="253" data-original-width="600" height="169" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wr6isgFIqAg/X2pbyh_V0gI/AAAAAAAAbQU/XCBWVsmocgIF_RJir9eVnx-Faz6Let3rQCPcBGAsYHg/w400-h169/ionosfera_03.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;">La portata per riflessione dei segnali dipende dall'altezza degli strati e dell'angolo d'irradiazione. Per più di un salto basta calcolare il relativo multiplo.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lQIYKNbjlCA/X2pcE6gf_1I/AAAAAAAAbQg/H3gnomdX73Y8M0znFFAIXkilG0Mu6PcYgCPcBGAsYHg/s600/ionosfera_04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="253" data-original-width="600" height="169" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lQIYKNbjlCA/X2pcE6gf_1I/AAAAAAAAbQg/H3gnomdX73Y8M0znFFAIXkilG0Mu6PcYgCPcBGAsYHg/w400-h169/ionosfera_04.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p><span style="color: black;"></span>Tuttavia bisogna tener conto del fatto che l'angolo d'irradiazione del segnale è strettamente collegato con l'angolo d'irradiazione dell'antenna, che generalmente è attorno ai 15° di elevazione.</p><p>Le portate per riflessione singola in pratica vanno raramente oltre i 2500 km. Le distanze maggiori si ottengono solo per mezzo di <b>riflessioni a doppio o multiplo salto</b>.</p><p>In teoria, per poter ricevere un segnale, la polarizzazione delle antenne deve essere la stessa, sia dal lato TX che RX. In realtà, a causa delle rotazioni di fase e di polarizzazione dovute alle turbolenze negli strati riflettenti e alle riflessioni multiple dovute agli ostacoli, non ha importanza come viene polarizzata l'antenna.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">E sporadico</h3><p>Lo strato E si forma ad un'altezza di 100 km. Occasionalmente e limitatamente, viene a formarsi uno strato riflettente che agisce sino alle frequenze in banda 2 metri.</p><p>A causa della sua comparsa non prevedibile, viene chiamato s<b>trato E sporadico (</b>Es).</p><p>Sembra sia legato all’attività degli sciami meteorici, non dimostrando una correlazione con l'attività solare.</p><p>Mostra comunque un andamento annuale e giornaliero, con dei massimi tra i mesi di maggio e luglio, dicembre e gennaio, in particolar modo nella tarda mattinata e nelle prime ore serali.</p><p>Ogni anno circa 50.000 tonnellate di meteore impattano nell’atmosfera terrestre. La maggior parte ha dimensioni inferiori ad un granello di sabbia, ma almeno 80.000 di questi “sassolini” superano il peso di 10 grammi.</p><p>Le meteore entrano nell’atmosfera superiore (<i>meteoriti</i>) ad una velocità tra 7 e 70 km/h. Ognuna di queste meteore lasciano una traccia di gas ionizzati, presenti prevalentemente all’altezza dello strato E.</p><p>L’aumento di ioni di gas e di particelle metalliche rilasciate dalla scia delle meteoriti favorise la riflessione di segnali in banda 10, 6 e 2 metri.</p><p>La ricombinazione nello strato E è particolarmente veloce, così la possibilità di collegamento dura da alcuni secondi ad alcuni minuti.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Propagazione aurorale</h3><p>La Terra può essere considerata come un enorme magnete, le cui linee di forza percorrono lo spazio esterno (atmosfera) dal polo nord al polo sud. Queste linee di forza vengono perturbate da altri campi magnetici, in particolare dal vento solare. Tali linee di forza costituiscono la <b>magnetosfera</b>.</p><p>In condizioni di quiete, solo poche particelle del vento solare (<i>protoni ed elettroni</i>) penetrano nell’atmosfera. Esse tendono ad essere catturate dai poli magnetici terrestri. Nelle fasi di intensa attività solare, la velocità del vento aumenta ed il numero di particelle pure.</p><p>La magnetosfera cambia così forma, generando una apertura (cusp), nella quale viene catturata la maggior parte delle particelle solari, il campo elettrico terrestre ne aumenta la velocità generando le spettacolari aurore polari.</p><p>Essendo così la ionosfera nei pressi dei poli ricca di elettroni, la propagazione dei segnali ne viene influenzata. Si ha così una cancellazione totale dei segnali in HF nei percorsi sopra ai poli, i collegamenti sono quindi limitati solo a particolari latitudini.</p><p>Per frequenze dai 6 ai 2 metri invece si ha una <b>intensa riflessione</b>, consentendo collegamenti anche oltre i 1000 km.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Propagazione transequatoriale</h3><p>La <b>propagazione transequatoriale</b> (<b>TEP</b>, <i>Trans-Equatorial Propagation</i>) è una speciale forma di propagazione che avviene tra le medie latitudini, approssimativamente alla stessa distanza nord-sud relativa all’equatore.</p><p>L’equatore magnetico non è sovrapposto a quello geografico, così come i poli magnetici non corrispondono a quelli geografici.</p><p>Non sono noti i meccanismi di questo tipo di propagazione. Essa avviene nel tardo pomeriggio e sera ed è massima nei periodi di massimo solare. Le frequenze coinvolte sono nella banda dei 6 metri, ma alla sera lavorano bene anche quelle dei 2 metri e 70 cm.</p><p>La portata dei segnali varia tra i 300 ed i 7500 km ed è maggiore la sera.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><b>Il DX in pratica</b></h3></div></div><div><p style="text-align: left;">
Con queste nozioni possiamo dedurre che:
</p><ul><li><i><b>Le bande dei 160 ed 80 metri</b></i> sono tipicamente notturne, attive solo quando manca lo strato attenuante D. I segnali possono raggiungere l'unico strato riflettente F2. Le migliori possibilità di DX si trovano nelle lunghe notti invernali, dove il traffico avviene lungo l'emisfero notturno della terra. Le migliori condizioni le possiamo trovare nei periodi di numeri relativi bassi, poichè abbiamo un rumore di fondo dovuto a fenomeni atmosferici minore. La zona d'ombra quasi non esiste.</li></ul><ul><li><b><i>Le bande degli 60 e 40</i></b> metri si comportano grosso modo nello stesso modo. Occasionalmente si possono effettuare buoni collegamenti anche di giorno. La zona d'ombra ha fino a 200 km di raggio.</li></ul><ul><li><i><b>La banda dei 30 metri</b></i> ha caratteristiche simili alle bande più basse, ma di giorno le possibilità di collegamento sono migliori. Già qui durante l'alba e il crepuscolo troviamo ottime occasioni per collegamenti a lunga distanza, poichè i segnali si trovano a percorrere la parte buia della superficie terrestre. La zona d'ombra si fa molto estesa.</li></ul><ul><li><i><b>Le bande dei 20, 17 e 15 metri</b></i> sono onde prevalentemente diurne, ma che si propagano bene anche di notte durante i massimi di macchie solari ed in particolar modo all'alba ed al crepuscolo, nella cosiddetta <i>grey zone.</i> La zona d'ombra ha spesso più di 1000 km di raggio.</li></ul><ul><li><i><b>Le bande dei 12 e 10 metri</b></i> sono attive solo nei massimi di attività solare, quando è possibile effettuare collegamenti con tutto il mondo. I segnali sono tipicamente diurni. La zona d'ombra diventa molto grande se non intercontinentale.</li></ul><p></p>
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Ovviamente questi consigli sono del tutto generali, in quanto ci possono essere spesso variazioni anche notevoli nella propagazione, dovuti per esempio a tempeste solari e perturbazioni geomagnetiche.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Si può ricordare come regola generale:</p><ul><li>Sotto i 10 MHz (30 metri) i collegamenti sono <b>generalmente notturni</b>, tra stazioni poste nella zona buia del globo.</li></ul><ul><li>Sopra i 10 MHz e generalmente fino ai 30 MHz i collegamenti sono <b>generalmente diurni</b>, tra stazioni poste nella zona illuminata del globo, anche se il segnale deve compiere un tragitto maggiore rispetto alla distanza effettiva delle stazioni (<i>long path</i>).</li></ul><p></p></div><div>
<p> <i><b>73 de Andy IV3ONZ</b></i><br />
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Link utili e bibliografia:<br />
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<ul><li><i>ARRL, </i>"The ARRL Handbook for Radiocommunications", ARRL 2011</li><li><i>G. Gerzelka</i>, "Manuale dell'operatore DX", (C) 1979 Franco Muzzio & C. Editore</li><li><i>M. Martinucci</i>, "Elementi di propagazione ionosferica", (C) 1993 C&C Edizioni Radioelettroniche</li><li><i>I. Poole</i>, "Radio Propagation Principles & Practice), RSGB 2013<br /></li><li><i>M. Burnette, "</i>The fast track to understanding ham radio propagation", (C) 2018 Michael Burnette</li></ul><p> </p><ul>
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IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6131487507049857417.post-14757904350033007132022-07-18T19:24:00.013+02:002023-01-03T12:14:04.279+01:00DX via Troposfera<div><div><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MdAu8VgZ9sg/X2JIgNBFHgI/AAAAAAAAbL4/f-6KtmgalNEnjFuVOkq8MVi84k2toplPgCPcBGAsYHg/s1600/IMG_20191231_164245_HDR.jpg" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1214" data-original-width="1600" height="170" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MdAu8VgZ9sg/X2JIgNBFHgI/AAAAAAAAbL4/f-6KtmgalNEnjFuVOkq8MVi84k2toplPgCPcBGAsYHg/w225-h170/IMG_20191231_164245_HDR.jpg" width="225" /></a></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
L'atmosfera dove respiriamo</h3><p style="text-align: left;">
La troposfera è lo strato d'aria dell'atmosfera situato tra il suolo terrestre ed un'altezza che, alle nostre latitudini geografiche, arriva circa sino a 11 km di quota.</p><p style="text-align: left;">All'Equatore si estende fino a 18 km, ai poli arriva a 6; l'altezza non è quindi uguale a tutte le latitudini.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Nella troposfera avvengono tutti i fenomeni meteorologici che noi percepiamo direttamente, come vento, pioggia, fulmini, grandine, neve, bel tempo.</p><p style="text-align: left;">La temperatura media è attorno ai 20 °C. Essa decresce con l'aumentare della quota, in teoria, quando l'aria è mescolata in modo uniforme. L'umidità relativa dell'aria <i>dovrebbe </i>fare lo stesso. Dove la temperatura raggiunge quello che si chiama <i>punto di rugiada</i> (<i>dew point</i>) si formano le nuvole.</p></div><div><h3 style="text-align: left;">L'inversione termica</h3><p style="text-align: left;">Nella realtà però questo non avviene, a causa della stratificazione delle masse d'aria<i>, </i>specialmente quando siamo in presenza di alte pressioni anche estese, caratterizzate normalmente da bel tempo e calma di vento.</p><p style="text-align: left;">In questi casi, l'aria si stratifica in aree più calde, secche e leggere poste <b>sopra </b>ad aria fredda ed umida, quindi più pesante. Tra le due masse d'aria la temperatura e l'umidità <b>cambiano bruscamente</b> creando il fenomeno dell'<i style="text-align: center;"><b>inversione di temperatura</b></i><span style="text-align: center;">.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;">Nella zona di inversione di temperatura viene impedito il moto ascensionale delle correnti. Il fenomeno si verifica in modo particolare in autunno ed in inverno. In particolare, in inverno, si vedono i fumi dei camini che tendono a ridiscendere al suolo e la nebbia è spesso presente.</p></div><div>
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<b>Propagazione via inversione termica</b></h3><p style="text-align: left;">Quando i segnali radio colpiscono la zona di inversione, essi vengono rifratti verso la superficie terrestre. Si tratta dunque di un fenomeno molto simile al DX ionosferico.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Le portate per riflessione ottenibili dipendono dall'altezza dell'inversione e dall'angolo verticale d'irradiazione dei segnali. Le quote di inversione variano dai pochi centimetri agli 8 km.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Le inversioni termiche esplicano il loro effetto dai 20 fin oltre i 100 MHz; la polarizzazione dei segnali è sostanzialmente orizzontale con angoli di irraggiamento pressochè piatti.</p><p style="text-align: left;">E' sufficiente un'altezza delle antenne di 2 o 3 lunghezze d'onda; questo vuol dire, per la banda dei 2 m, circa 4...6 m.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Con le inversioni a quote maggiori, si otterrebbero teoricamente portate per salto singolo di circa 800 km. Nella pratica, un'inversione termica si può formare a <b>qualsiasi altezza</b>, quindi salti di 300 km sono la norma. Serve però una potenza di trasmissione bassa: stazioni QRP con antenne semplici, quali un dipolo con un elemento passivo, possono realizzare ottimi DX.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Un collegamento DX per inversione termica si riconosce da una lento QSB poco accentuato.</p></div><div>
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<b>Propagazione via "duct" troposferico</b></h3><p style="text-align: left;">
Se l'inversione termica si fa molto estesa, soprattutto sopra i mari ed i grandi laghi, ci possono essere <i>rifrazioni multiple</i> dei segnali radio; la propagazione avviene per <i><b>salto doppio o multiplo</b></i>.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Questo perchè si viene a creare una sorta di guida d'onda tra la superficie terrestre e lo strato di inversione (<b>duct</b>).</p><p style="text-align: left;">Per poter funzionare, ci deve essere tra l'inversione e la superficie terrestre una altezza di <b><i>almeno cinquanta volte la lunghezza d'onda impiegata</i></b>, ovvero per i segnali a 144 MHz si parla di almeno 100 m.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Con il duct troposferico si possono superare distanze di 1000 km, non è tuttavia raro arrivare e superare anche 2000 km.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Il percorso del segnale è condizionato dalla presenza di turbolenze e dai salti multipli, quindi gran parte della potenza trasmessa viene dispersa. In questi casi sono necessarie antenne ad alto guadagno e particolare cura deve essere posta alla sensibilità del ricevitore.</p>
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<b>Propagazione via "scatter" troposferico</b></h3><p style="text-align: left;">Lo scatter troposferico (<i style="font-weight: bold;">tropo-scatter</i>) è generato da turbolenze al limite superiore della troposfera che provocano di continuo inversioni termiche.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Esso è possibile in qualsiasi momento della giornata. Servono comunque potenze elevate ed antenne ad alto guadagno e direttività. Si ottengono con questo modo di propagazione portate che arrivano fino a 300 km, occasionalmente fino a 500 e raramente raggiungono i 1000 km.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Le frequenze utilizzabili vanno dalla gamma dei 2 m a quella dei 70 cm. I segnali scatter sono riconoscibili da profonde evanescenze.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Altre forme di propagazione troposferica</h3><p>Ci sono altre forme di propagazione troposferica, riconducibili tutte a fenomeni meteorologici e coinvolgenti le frequenze dai 30 MHz in su:</p><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><b>Rain scatter</b>: la fitta pioggia (<i>rain</i>) sotto una nube temporalesca (come rovesci o <i>downburst</i>) funge da riflettore per le onde radio a frequenze UHF e superiori.</li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><b>Hail scatter</b>: è simile al rain scatter, ma è formato da grandine (<i>hail</i>).</li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><b>Sleet scatter</b>: qui è il nevischio (<i>sleet</i>) che riflette i segnali radio.</li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><b>Lightning scatter</b>: in teoria è possibile usare la ionizzazione dovuta ai fulmini (<i>lightning</i>) per riflettere i segnali radio.</li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><b>Aircraft scatter</b>: gli aerei (<i>aircraft</i>) in volo possono riflettere segnali dalle basse VHF in su. Sono note riflessioni pure per segnali al di sotto dei 30 MHz.</li></ul><p></p><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><b>Conoscere la meteorologia per programmare un DX via troposfera</b></h3><p style="text-align: left;">
Per praticare il DX troposferico, bisogna essere a conoscenza di alcuni elementi di meteorologia. Da <a href="https://www.iv3onz.altervista.org/meteo_real_time.php" target="_blank">qui </a>si accede al mio sito meteorologico, dove ottenere interessanti informazioni sul tempo in real time.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Ausili come le carte meteorologiche ed i bollettini MeteoMar possono costituire un validissimo orientamento. Anche la ricezione di stazioni televisive analogiche (TV-DX, ormai raro) e broadcasting in banda 87 - 108 MHz FM può indicare buone possibilità di DX.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Infine, con la ricezione dei satelliti polari APT (i vari NOAA), facilmente realizzabile con un PC ed un ricevitore VHF aeronautico o il classico <i>dongle </i>RTL-SDR, si ha la possibilità di formulare semplici previsioni meteorologiche; questi satelliti operano nella gamma 137... 138 MHz.</p>
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<i><b>73 de Andy IV3ONZ</b></i><br />
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Link utili e bibliografia:<br />
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<li><i>ARRL, </i>"The ARRL Handbook for Radiocommunications", ARRL 2011</li>
<li><i>G. Gerzelka</i>, "Manuale dell'operatore DX", (C) 1979 Franco Muzzio & C. Editore<a href="http://www.ndblist.info/datamodes.htm" target="_blank"></a> </li>
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IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6131487507049857417.post-36760752734773355772022-07-10T16:11:00.005+02:002022-07-10T16:18:00.169+02:00Restauro di una Radio Giordani mod. 693<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiHsoQ8J0zEBmdp9d6LdukJvj03WcsgYguA842FosOZrSPXRPoB6OUhntHoGqQHERVjLfvljbfOB8AYhjQIJVV0fgbEYnCMjT7OtBSe4yU6izg2MCD1K3-Hvx0URO4YkrOZcjCLRYP1LeYqsxMZ4bEf-MPeF4lg8RdTUkPnGx_DDoaNbHKnGm5raSC/s3264/20211216_180547.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiHsoQ8J0zEBmdp9d6LdukJvj03WcsgYguA842FosOZrSPXRPoB6OUhntHoGqQHERVjLfvljbfOB8AYhjQIJVV0fgbEYnCMjT7OtBSe4yU6izg2MCD1K3-Hvx0URO4YkrOZcjCLRYP1LeYqsxMZ4bEf-MPeF4lg8RdTUkPnGx_DDoaNbHKnGm5raSC/s320/20211216_180547.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>Rovistando in soffitta ho trovato sotto la polvere questo ricevitore radio degli anni 50, un <b>Giordani</b> mod. 693 del 1951.<p></p><p>Giordani era un produttore locale di apparecchiature radio attivo nei primi anni 50 del secolo scorso.</p><p>Noto come <b><i>"Costruzione Apparecchi Radio e Televisione"</i></b>, aveva il laboratorio in Salita Castello a Udine.</p><p>Questo modello è un quadrigamma, due in onde medie e due in onde corte; copre da 530 a 1600 kHz in OM e da circa 6 a circa 22 MHz in OC.</p><p>Monta 6 tubi octal con filamento a 6.3 V, ha la media frequenza a 465 kHz e monta un autotrasformatore di alimentazione.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrtjB8vMf_5kOOoQJ75ns8frOCt6-JesaSKuztwO9Ul1TSCx34PTOykXRMLA2WyL6xQaki02CD28pFk35KoNnV4A9po3TOpFmo5EfTuDkITnPyaLPnC4bs4SR_s9CpAH0mMizpkRpM5kSL1-WgLKNM4yK2EBVL8BepJff3_0WuiU4pY4HCmPq4MAPN/s3264/20211216_180602.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrtjB8vMf_5kOOoQJ75ns8frOCt6-JesaSKuztwO9Ul1TSCx34PTOykXRMLA2WyL6xQaki02CD28pFk35KoNnV4A9po3TOpFmo5EfTuDkITnPyaLPnC4bs4SR_s9CpAH0mMizpkRpM5kSL1-WgLKNM4yK2EBVL8BepJff3_0WuiU4pY4HCmPq4MAPN/s320/20211216_180602.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p>Le condizioni interne non sono delle migliori, anzi, all'inizio l'ho presa come una "<i>missione impossibile</i>" dato il suo stato generale.</p><p>Il telaio è parecchio incrostato, non conosco lo stato delle valvole, l'autotrasformatore e le bobine potrebbero essere interrotte o, peggio, in corto circuito.</p><p>Anche lo stato dei componenti è messo male: sono da sostituire sicuramente i condensatori elettrolitici con , a seguire, quelli "<i>a carta</i>", il cablaggio che ha l'isolante marcito e probabilmente anche alcuni resistori. <br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWSTXCVJOFzycA6j8w7rcbqAw4ZDePz4hVu1A9jR5Z3A58_-9ZL6rypMidsODBsMyEzYtFvve0WD2ZSogasrp6VXXjVDTgChzSPeDEeqWde5TmrwCNJEUrRntzy-jLaNx8-FfFMpEQAG__sw3wuW4_1-kF2_MMl_Mls2DZtqi1f47rI-PXC8zdRFHb/s3264/20211216_180558.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3264" data-original-width="2448" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWSTXCVJOFzycA6j8w7rcbqAw4ZDePz4hVu1A9jR5Z3A58_-9ZL6rypMidsODBsMyEzYtFvve0WD2ZSogasrp6VXXjVDTgChzSPeDEeqWde5TmrwCNJEUrRntzy-jLaNx8-FfFMpEQAG__sw3wuW4_1-kF2_MMl_Mls2DZtqi1f47rI-PXC8zdRFHb/s320/20211216_180558.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><p>Sono pure da smontare e risanare i potenziometri e riattivare i contatti degli zoccoli delle valvole e del commutatore di gamma.</p><p>Insomma, <b>parecchio lavoro</b>.</p><p>Il da farsi sarà suddiviso in tre fasi:</p>- Pulizia del telaio;<br />- Riparazione elettronica;<br />- Restauro del mobile.<p>Smonto i tubi elettronici, li ripulisco delicatamente dalla polvere per evitare di cancellare la sigla con la loro identificazione, e li testo con il provavalvole ad emissione.</p><p>Con sorpresa (anche se non troppa, di solito è così) li trovo ancora in buone condizioni.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN4zkjT1pI7UVCIH0Dm7tX1A4gkkpp8C-Al_BqShLbrxG8GykrnhLyqNKXfp61h-uNpKUIlPm6AH1rpXoA20-F6dM82FLmwYQxJ8nF73_KmWWnkhAmsl49XBY6MEaHwyy7OcxvocjkoAHwSQXVvvyrSAX0-FTeGsbxXsqfAVm6Wb0t5i886HP-3nn5/s4000/20211218_185211.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3000" data-original-width="4000" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN4zkjT1pI7UVCIH0Dm7tX1A4gkkpp8C-Al_BqShLbrxG8GykrnhLyqNKXfp61h-uNpKUIlPm6AH1rpXoA20-F6dM82FLmwYQxJ8nF73_KmWWnkhAmsl49XBY6MEaHwyy7OcxvocjkoAHwSQXVvvyrSAX0-FTeGsbxXsqfAVm6Wb0t5i886HP-3nn5/s320/20211218_185211.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>Messe le valvole da parte in un luogo sicuro, passo alla pulizia del telaio, dopo aver smontato quasi tutte le parti meccaniche.<p></p><p>Il condensatore variabile è ancora efficiente, con una generosa ripulita dalla polvere e dal grasso ritorna quasi come nuovo.</p><p>Pure i potenziometri non presentano grossi problemi.</p><p>Sono tuttavia da sostituire tutti i gommini passa-cavo e di supporto dell'ammortizzatore per il condensatore variabile. Li rimpiazzo con dei gommini acquistati in kit su Amazon.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1HJBjfGfu6E7v-o_TAivpBfxTrpRZKpnRfm6felJP7u4SUv-IWuN14q1XmmOunOO46IBVGQXrL-3PHBydmU6QwWSyQ6WgV4q9AQdeFb-DLtp1aE27xMdHUR9EfYrRCZgAMDoYg3oKdft6RxswPsdLcgIMWolmMdd96QQumJ6PM1LJ6iRDRBhyIziV/s3264/20211218_193356.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="193" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1HJBjfGfu6E7v-o_TAivpBfxTrpRZKpnRfm6felJP7u4SUv-IWuN14q1XmmOunOO46IBVGQXrL-3PHBydmU6QwWSyQ6WgV4q9AQdeFb-DLtp1aE27xMdHUR9EfYrRCZgAMDoYg3oKdft6RxswPsdLcgIMWolmMdd96QQumJ6PM1LJ6iRDRBhyIziV/w257-h193/20211218_193356.jpg" width="257" /></a></div><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZmEfXPXZi778IoZv8qNHrjcAodoSVE9Mfry2Vu0LHs0zmQzBX9y-9J58FyrZB_H1gO8Gz3ZwBU8IBTcV57mocRYFwzyiabnaQ60ocUp4-TYgy6cRT92PWtMNvgPd_Ze8e2rnb36SYfk7IcvfJ4ULuvdzCx2UczYgP7Qiyg5R-cePDE-i4tufSwuWS/s3264/20211218_193311.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZmEfXPXZi778IoZv8qNHrjcAodoSVE9Mfry2Vu0LHs0zmQzBX9y-9J58FyrZB_H1gO8Gz3ZwBU8IBTcV57mocRYFwzyiabnaQ60ocUp4-TYgy6cRT92PWtMNvgPd_Ze8e2rnb36SYfk7IcvfJ4ULuvdzCx2UczYgP7Qiyg5R-cePDE-i4tufSwuWS/w255-h192/20211218_193311.jpg" width="255" /></a><br /><br /></p><p><br /></p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsGFjVBKa4EGZCnXeLqWBaHlbo3R3CNKqfccPen0_Tpe6KieLtSYGMsdhoHQDgK0QSsPVFMkyq2ka3EiUA50xOuwnSdYuGx7CNwmnww9YfpplAALGeK7S7BZID53OSM3btzaYNBs6T0jXZrveSrs3eme11uQfGc03Kz3Wvbsl0NYPQu4NL1thOmIsk/s3264/20220105_175452.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3264" data-original-width="2448" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsGFjVBKa4EGZCnXeLqWBaHlbo3R3CNKqfccPen0_Tpe6KieLtSYGMsdhoHQDgK0QSsPVFMkyq2ka3EiUA50xOuwnSdYuGx7CNwmnww9YfpplAALGeK7S7BZID53OSM3btzaYNBs6T0jXZrveSrs3eme11uQfGc03Kz3Wvbsl0NYPQu4NL1thOmIsk/w210-h280/20220105_175452.jpg" width="210" /></a></div>Passo quindi alla riparazione vera e propria. Si tratta di sostituire gran parte dei condensatori e dei cablaggi.<p></p><p>Preferisco sostituirli con componenti nuovi, senza andare a ricostruire le parti vecchie.</p><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQoV1a7cHCM3HFvP8I9cd4ooySKdbas4pgejgQEb7x2FIs65iNJX-UW41c0pwbKuG3A_-DfLVEcLbL6_cmN6-UHHNq9xKYjGxGjhkRZGSeFsOpAvweS2WBWR93fd4dddolpf3wRA7eFfytyAjbgxrhrmwK_Lh67j1_5BqbFVy2_S2SXsSVHOx5BW_r/s3264/20220107_152304.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="191" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQoV1a7cHCM3HFvP8I9cd4ooySKdbas4pgejgQEb7x2FIs65iNJX-UW41c0pwbKuG3A_-DfLVEcLbL6_cmN6-UHHNq9xKYjGxGjhkRZGSeFsOpAvweS2WBWR93fd4dddolpf3wRA7eFfytyAjbgxrhrmwK_Lh67j1_5BqbFVy2_S2SXsSVHOx5BW_r/w254-h191/20220107_152304.jpg" width="254" /></a></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ6TjWdPW2jfuO5EpDwrwhM_s_fyKkapcONBuoZt3BdSNVJMXOvRJcjQOo3PqPWrYEaPULlimXyXi04rVm9bpMyMeHJ2SdxnyoujPEuh4jPt91EA97_1pbMT6CxyV7kHj6lLtWrLbgP_zKswc1ZEQiLZplhQJdcjKLOErPZbqEUeYibELSYASFOdNc/s3264/20220107_165853.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3264" data-original-width="2448" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ6TjWdPW2jfuO5EpDwrwhM_s_fyKkapcONBuoZt3BdSNVJMXOvRJcjQOo3PqPWrYEaPULlimXyXi04rVm9bpMyMeHJ2SdxnyoujPEuh4jPt91EA97_1pbMT6CxyV7kHj6lLtWrLbgP_zKswc1ZEQiLZplhQJdcjKLOErPZbqEUeYibELSYASFOdNc/s320/20220107_165853.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><p></p><p></p><p>Rimontata tutta l'elettronica, mi accingo quindi ai controlli preliminari: assenza di corto circuiti, verifiche dei collegamenti di accensione dei filamenti, verifiche delle linee di alimentazione anodica, verifica dei collegamenti dell'autotrasformatore.</p><p>Solo quando mi sento sicuro del lavoro fatto, rimonto tutte le valvole, collego la spina di alimentazione al variac isolato e, tramite una sicurezza composta da una lampada da 100 W in serie alla presa di corrente, accendo la radio, partendo da circa 20 volt, verificando il valore della tensione anodica.</p><p>Arrivati a 180 V inizio a sentire il classico fruscio in altoparlante, agendo sul variabile riesco a sintonizzare una stazione radio.</p><p> </p><p style="text-align: center;"><i><b>La maggior parte del lavoro è completata!</b></i></p><p>Anche a 230 V tutto funziona correttamente. Si tratta ora di allineare la ricezione con la scala parlante e di tarare la media frequenza.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXmLXtegXrRlMwHGL0rqVoJzwKL41NE72Qh7cNFEKVgk5cmCEr1YpvOdJrFjuczw4kUsl4Ln6SUqclsAS5nmqjzGpyXeRD4qhEWsfwfObTcM51-tvOsVFpF50SvLcUhTO_y506hUf1TAmwkgRv4ELRLU0-hl-VCEEw5wXjDAjqcK_elJmpU12TRmzR/s3264/20220107_181050.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXmLXtegXrRlMwHGL0rqVoJzwKL41NE72Qh7cNFEKVgk5cmCEr1YpvOdJrFjuczw4kUsl4Ln6SUqclsAS5nmqjzGpyXeRD4qhEWsfwfObTcM51-tvOsVFpF50SvLcUhTO_y506hUf1TAmwkgRv4ELRLU0-hl-VCEEw5wXjDAjqcK_elJmpU12TRmzR/s320/20220107_181050.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>Con sorpresa (questa volta si, è la prima volta che mi capita) vedo che la scala parlante <i>agisce al contrario rispetto alla sintonia</i>. Va quindi invertita la funicella a livello del condensatore variabile; impresa non delle più semplici.<p></p><p>La messa a punto poi prosegue positivamente su tutte le bande, denotando pure una certa sensibilità e buona qualità sonora.<br /></p><p>Non resta altro che restaurare il mobile. Esso presenta numerosi fori dovuti ai tarli, quindi è necessario un trattamento preventivo contro questi animaletti.</p><p>Dopo una generosa verniciata con il prodotto antitarlo ed un paio di giorni lasciato a riposare, chiuso dentro ad un sacco di plastica all'aperto, il mobile è pronto per la rimessa a nuovo.</p><p>Un pò di stucco per legno scuro e tre mani di vernice sono sufficienti a ridonare vita a questo vecchio mobile.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGBT7Oq8DpDm3SrCezNc29AqOkyMnXQTvGurTZ6tnisG0CuLSIsGBZW_Hs0Sy6tAQAkhbeufHt5wCVyQsakwsT0DFwPKT5OubglVmrcbB3tjpsppAoj4DNf-kscVjq-AXr3pU3XqvXxKEpR8vow_MYMJME2IOO8wQJ4obqnFz37f9wCCd62UUCSnb1/s3264/20220109_104703.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="346" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGBT7Oq8DpDm3SrCezNc29AqOkyMnXQTvGurTZ6tnisG0CuLSIsGBZW_Hs0Sy6tAQAkhbeufHt5wCVyQsakwsT0DFwPKT5OubglVmrcbB3tjpsppAoj4DNf-kscVjq-AXr3pU3XqvXxKEpR8vow_MYMJME2IOO8wQJ4obqnFz37f9wCCd62UUCSnb1/w461-h346/20220109_104703.jpg" width="461" /></a></div><br />Il radioricevitore è ora pronto e funzionante; niente male per un vecchietto di più di settant'anni.<p></p><p><i><b>73 de Andy IV3ONZ</b></i><br />
<br />
</p><h3>
Link utili e bibliografia:<br />
</h3>
<ul><li><i><a href="https://www.leradiodisophie.it/" target="_blank">Le radio di Sophie</a> </i></li><li><i>A. Martens</i>: <b>Restaurare mobili, tecniche e segreti</b> (Demetra 1999)</li><li><i>M. Casolaro</i>: <b>Restauro far da sè</b> (Edifai 1988)</li><li><i>F. Ginepra:</i><b> Radio collezionismo </b>(Edifai 1994) </li><li><i>E. Costa</i>, <b>Guida pratica del Radio Riparatore</b> (Hoepli 1965) <br /></li></ul>IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6131487507049857417.post-25710095074610570292022-07-03T01:20:00.001+02:002022-07-03T01:25:30.829+02:00Riparazione dell'alimentatore Zetagi HP147<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTQfORkcz_hBxpLNRTbes1vu9SfomjblntmX_bxdNahq6GEZe_LwUa1qnuY-PRlduZ7LTFlyIzmHIymc_oFAoV_psfswG-dD_zyxFeoYGZsMzkX9pJRWhoAdTnQ4iwRuNpWiCAFhYHjJoeDIT6JO-Dmmi8ilulXV0q3yFNrgDQt7EUXhizuAqxmtDy/s3264/20210117_211837.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3264" data-original-width="2448" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTQfORkcz_hBxpLNRTbes1vu9SfomjblntmX_bxdNahq6GEZe_LwUa1qnuY-PRlduZ7LTFlyIzmHIymc_oFAoV_psfswG-dD_zyxFeoYGZsMzkX9pJRWhoAdTnQ4iwRuNpWiCAFhYHjJoeDIT6JO-Dmmi8ilulXV0q3yFNrgDQt7EUXhizuAqxmtDy/w150-h200/20210117_211837.jpg" width="150" /></a></div><p></p><p>Zetagi ha lanciato il successo dell'hobby della Citizen Band, non
solo con alimentatori, ma anche con tutta una serie di accessoristica,
dall'amplificatore lineare di potenza ai wattmetri/rosmetri.</p>Tutt'oggi produce strumentazione professionale per il mondo delle telecomunicazioni. <p>Questo alimentatore era già da un pò di tempo che lo tenevo d'occhio. Lo trovai in un mercatino dell'usato. Non sembrava particolarmente usurato, solo alcuni graffi.<br /></p><p>Mi colpii che non era fatto di sola plastica, ma almeno aveva lo chassis in metallo e dava l'impressione di robustezza.</p><p style="text-align: center;">Sette ampere a 13.5 V, anche se "<i>1 min. ON, 1 min OFF</i>". Non male.<br /></p><p></p><p>Mi è stato venduto ovviamente come "<i>funzionante, si accende!</i>".</p><p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVFVq-6xOK8WEScLShuIUdspBtZqmqmnUsUf7KkafPGDbwBUzIK2Rk0vbEFk3klWYn6MT_W217JviX9v42_T8APQvclslUcSN6hdt-zIqnaUvcdVjKiyK6KE4e5OWi5XxP8iCbYBsYfOl1doRobMiQ1-Tf7unXJyVgUGyfE3vFpvGNRhqri9-dvzQW/s4000/20210804_113212.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3000" data-original-width="4000" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVFVq-6xOK8WEScLShuIUdspBtZqmqmnUsUf7KkafPGDbwBUzIK2Rk0vbEFk3klWYn6MT_W217JviX9v42_T8APQvclslUcSN6hdt-zIqnaUvcdVjKiyK6KE4e5OWi5XxP8iCbYBsYfOl1doRobMiQ1-Tf7unXJyVgUGyfE3vFpvGNRhqri9-dvzQW/s320/20210804_113212.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>Comunque, come regola da rispettare in ogni caso, <b>controllare sempre prima di adoperare ciò che si porta a casa dai mercatini o fiere</b>.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Controllo e verifiche preliminari</h3><p style="text-align: left;">Arrivato finalmente nel mio laboratorio, verifico innanzitutto l'assenza di cortocircuiti. Il primario del trasformatore sembra a posto. Lo collego ad una presa di corrente e lo accendo. In effetti, la spia (LED rosso) si accende.</p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx7pks6Dbvi996VNR82F-mdaN6p4JWFkK0UFQgnF-NBBsBeRyb6QQzdxahSt8BY5ategCulb9qXrJ2AEQmP-5_9aMm6O8q8so352b3wl8UOlCaZPUqLa1gXWn7Ma2HLcn4ckDkpCQlwD7Fe4tiCRnw-sndmkKxNKUDyK9epM0DGziZOVWdy9hmrR_i/s4000/20210804_113324.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="3000" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx7pks6Dbvi996VNR82F-mdaN6p4JWFkK0UFQgnF-NBBsBeRyb6QQzdxahSt8BY5ategCulb9qXrJ2AEQmP-5_9aMm6O8q8so352b3wl8UOlCaZPUqLa1gXWn7Ma2HLcn4ckDkpCQlwD7Fe4tiCRnw-sndmkKxNKUDyK9epM0DGziZOVWdy9hmrR_i/s320/20210804_113324.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>Misuro per prima cosa se e cosa esce dai morsetti. Con sorpresa, trovo <b>21.3 V</b>; ben oltre ai 13.5 dichiarati. Evidentemente c'è un guasto.<p></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p style="text-align: left;">Decido quindi di aprirlo, sperando che almeno la parte più importante, il trasformatore, funzioni correttamente. </p><p style="text-align: left;">Noto subito tre stabilizzatori tipo 7812 parallellati, con un partitore tra l'uscita ed il piedino di massa.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Come progettista, personalmente non mi piace questa configurazione; generalmente gli stabilizzatori lineari a tensione fissa non garantiscono la stabilità di funzionamento con un partitore che regola la tensione di uscita.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Qui sarebbe meglio usare un integrato stabilizzatore regolabile.<br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtYB--xz2JgNCK4FL_9W91P7cQ0GvlgFSKP1Z5-djj0o8VctCfoh6NUKFQYl-618tZFOHttEhwF4BydQiMlhGVJ2tHN4eYVZ-nK2gGYY4oyNDx-M1Rsexmz6K8GD-HH45FpxnoqOpKozd-g3v8LF3QEAxzesKbZm0fR9qneXGx7Rex9TQNKm3AaIIf/s4000/20210804_130310.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="3000" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtYB--xz2JgNCK4FL_9W91P7cQ0GvlgFSKP1Z5-djj0o8VctCfoh6NUKFQYl-618tZFOHttEhwF4BydQiMlhGVJ2tHN4eYVZ-nK2gGYY4oyNDx-M1Rsexmz6K8GD-HH45FpxnoqOpKozd-g3v8LF3QEAxzesKbZm0fR9qneXGx7Rex9TQNKm3AaIIf/w240-h320/20210804_130310.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><p>Altra particolarità: parallellando componenti non lineari non si garantisce che la corrente li attraversi in maniera lineare, ovvero una corrente qui ripartita ad un terzo del valore nominale in ogni componente.</p><p>Un componente può così surriscaldarsi più degli altri, entra poi in limitazione; gli altri si ritrovano con più potenza da dissipare, e così via.</p><p>La probabilità che si guasti quel componente è maggiore; quando succede, in sequenza, tutti gli altri soccombono. Ed è quello che temo sia successo.</p><p>Ma queste sono scelte commerciali, non voglio criticare con la mia analisi il lavoro fatto e deciso da altri.<br /></p><p></p><p style="text-align: left;">Lo schema è alquanto semplice: un trasformatore con secondario a presa centrale, due diodi raddrizzatori (ed anche qui parallellati due a due), filtro capacitivo (tre elettrolitici da 2200 μF) ed i tre 7812 in parallelo, con partitore resistivo ed un paio di ceramici di by-pass.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Riparazione e modifica <br /></h3><p style="text-align: left;">Noto subito la bruciatura di un resistore. E' quello che va dal piedino di massa verso il negativo.</p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZwsk5yk_qypyuKyxffNV1TuJYm2lExUfkftr0vClhznak11cBYv7gGeRPmSeij79Tcz66Z1semX35uQF3MGfIHKl0vgVDeB8qyRW1uHlzrsh63r0uBXi32zzW40IVHt6oHeS5658a8Jry0puyNMveZZnpNpJxlhX_47KH_bsyjIYPiUKqOPhlJcLC/s4000/20210804_113431.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3000" data-original-width="4000" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZwsk5yk_qypyuKyxffNV1TuJYm2lExUfkftr0vClhznak11cBYv7gGeRPmSeij79Tcz66Z1semX35uQF3MGfIHKl0vgVDeB8qyRW1uHlzrsh63r0uBXi32zzW40IVHt6oHeS5658a8Jry0puyNMveZZnpNpJxlhX_47KH_bsyjIYPiUKqOPhlJcLC/s320/20210804_113431.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>Evidentemente vi è un cortocircuito in almeno uno degli stabilizzatori. Ne trovo due in corto, il terzo mi da poca fiducia. Vorrei sostituirli tutti e tre, ma poi penso al limite in corrente di questa configurazione.<p></p><p style="text-align: left;">Trovo nel cassetto dei componenti un <b>LM338T</b>, stabilizzatore regolabile da 5 A della Texas Instruments (ora non consigliato per nuovi progetti, ovvero obsoleto), con 7 A di picco, regolabile sino a 1.2 V, protetto in corrente ed in temperatura.</p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyEU1LKH65h4ivzz-U8KXFZxrCRCe3CrlaVohV-K7zwG9OuV3Ui54ffXjVv4YoZRsKOSJ7VCoUDA30vm88lg0x2tuv3TUcKIPNtUhrI9sRcKi27cul8BU1yuasrXJiFzKme9_a_Ycz6eSvPBQnAraKET2IcJGf_t7HR_f2P5BdKFNK3l8RYXCkbiRJ/s4000/20210804_155900.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="3000" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyEU1LKH65h4ivzz-U8KXFZxrCRCe3CrlaVohV-K7zwG9OuV3Ui54ffXjVv4YoZRsKOSJ7VCoUDA30vm88lg0x2tuv3TUcKIPNtUhrI9sRcKi27cul8BU1yuasrXJiFzKme9_a_Ycz6eSvPBQnAraKET2IcJGf_t7HR_f2P5BdKFNK3l8RYXCkbiRJ/s320/20210804_155900.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>Elimino i componenti guasti, calcolo il valore del nuovo partitore di tensione e monto il componente, modificando il layout sullo stampato.<p></p><p style="text-align: left;">Aggiungo inoltre un dissipatore di calore, recuperato da vecchie motherboard di PC, per aumentare la dissipazione termica, un pò carente sul solo pannello posteriore.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Sarebbero anche da sostituire i diodi con altri di maggiore potenza, ma non avendone a disposizione al momento mantengo questa configurazione.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Ci vorrebbe poi un filtro in uscita a bassa tensione, sarà una modifica futura. Per ora, dovrà alimentare solamente il PC server meteo.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Aggiungo infine una ventolina a 12 V sul dissipatore. </p><p style="text-align: left;">Il trasformatore ha una tensione a vuoto più alta del normale, che una volta raddrizzata arriva ad appunto 21.3 V continui.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhEu7cdmspPn2MbV6sE2kSpm275YlHdeSF6XnkXOa_96HwChFQzYKYEAIrxSeHSPJrT4KLPEbhDBZncOCOo4lNsT9kvLBhqqQJPM5N5-PjBzoajhai_ietGXte-Muo4YHpWwlv_fr4ITJ5Z182CWZCajJwUrv7AMZO9llGcZGNER14w6uBt1JEnBoD/s4000/20210804_155954.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3000" data-original-width="4000" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhEu7cdmspPn2MbV6sE2kSpm275YlHdeSF6XnkXOa_96HwChFQzYKYEAIrxSeHSPJrT4KLPEbhDBZncOCOo4lNsT9kvLBhqqQJPM5N5-PjBzoajhai_ietGXte-Muo4YHpWwlv_fr4ITJ5Z182CWZCajJwUrv7AMZO9llGcZGNER14w6uBt1JEnBoD/s320/20210804_155954.jpg" width="320" /></a>Questa tensione dovrebbe garantire un voltaggio minimo con forti assorbimenti, quindi con 5 A il trasformatore potrebbe reggere, scaldando un pò.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Ma per contro, con medi assorbimenti, lo stabilizzatore si ritrova con una maggiore caduta di tensione, che si trasforma in una dissipazione maggiore.<br /></p><p style="text-align: left;">Ricollego il cavo di terra, questa volta con un capocorda avvitato al telaio, e rimonto il coperchio.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Lo accendo, misuro ora 13.5 V. Li misuro anche con il carico collegato; il dissipatore non scalda neanche più di tanto.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><i>Ora funziona</i>.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;">Posso quindi finalmente avere con una certa sicurezza i miei 13.5 V.<br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p><i><b>73 de Andy IV3ONZ</b></i><br /><br /></p><h3>Link utili e bibliografia:<br /></h3><ul><li>LM338T, acquistabile presso <a href="https://www.mouser.it/c/?q=LM338T">Mouser</a>. <a href="https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm338.pdf?HQS=dis-mous-null-mousermode-dsf-pf-null-wwe&ts=1656784299045&ref_url=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.mouser.co.uk%252F" target="_blank">Datasheet</a>.</li><li>L78xx, produttore ST, <a href="https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/l78.pdf">Datasheet</a>.<br /></li><li>Zetagi, <a href="https://www.zgitaly.it/italiano/" target="_blank">link</a> alla pagina ufficiale.<br /></li></ul>IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6131487507049857417.post-49854241231664274462022-02-15T19:18:00.008+01:002022-02-16T18:20:41.470+01:00Riparazione del generatore Agilent E4421B<p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg7-Vc0s1SvpuGSF31pe9rNUySw9pUW0GrrVBN1nw1A6bcj_2xoorpMCUb1jtn_4KgtT65YIdhGq_FMsL6Ncr8hyaGeF8lAixEpmSqdcoV6tNPqjqP_zuvvbxNouOKDWKNGGJAPDuK2aKRpr4XBbLoRJ0mvf1oTR681_3JLi3sk7sMiNth8d-WBo8zz=s3264" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3264" data-original-width="2448" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg7-Vc0s1SvpuGSF31pe9rNUySw9pUW0GrrVBN1nw1A6bcj_2xoorpMCUb1jtn_4KgtT65YIdhGq_FMsL6Ncr8hyaGeF8lAixEpmSqdcoV6tNPqjqP_zuvvbxNouOKDWKNGGJAPDuK2aKRpr4XBbLoRJ0mvf1oTR681_3JLi3sk7sMiNth8d-WBo8zz=w120-h160" width="120" /></a></div>Il generatore Agilent E4421B è uno strumento prodotto dalla fu Hewlett Packard, poi Agilent ed ora Keysight, nei primi anni 2000.<p></p><p style="text-align: left;">E' uno strumento che opera da 250 kHz a 3 GHz, con una uscita sino a 30 dBm (1 W).</p><p style="text-align: left;">Ha un modulatore di ampiezza, di frequenza, di fase ed ad impulsi. Può impostare sweep di frequenza lineari e logaritmici e possiede due ingressi ed una uscita in banda base, oltre all'uscita RF su connettore N.</p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiwtXY1g84HR4JXiBKhPogiJl5oMFGip_O1TjUirQfp6fHiMMGsWo_uruTrcNlqQAuLdSSnExdZ2GzhDRHE0338uwQ6GuWirLSzGMlVTe-t1ugDBg2kTq15ab-BxEW08UW29VIaLgaNxKSJKaTppazukIhd5b7LBorddabfdWzaz_RDgTlOI8MRYzI3=s3264" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiwtXY1g84HR4JXiBKhPogiJl5oMFGip_O1TjUirQfp6fHiMMGsWo_uruTrcNlqQAuLdSSnExdZ2GzhDRHE0338uwQ6GuWirLSzGMlVTe-t1ugDBg2kTq15ab-BxEW08UW29VIaLgaNxKSJKaTppazukIhd5b7LBorddabfdWzaz_RDgTlOI8MRYzI3=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: left;">E' un ottimo strumento, robusto e facile da usare.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Il problema</h3><p style="text-align: left;">Testando un filtro di banda, mi accorsi che il segnale prodotto dal mio generatore di segnali, un Agilent E4421B, non presentava alcuna linearità nel variare l'ampiezza del segnale. Anzi, le variazioni seguivano scatti di alcuni decibel, anzichè la solita regolazione a scatti di 0.1 dB.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Inoltre, variando l'uscita venivano generati segnali spuri, piuttosto fastidiosi.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Soprattutto, appariva la scritta "<i><b>UNLEVEL</b></i>" in alto a destra.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEigeT3FOCfxDsffHO2bYYmwfI6GcjAQihMDedoqY3JN1N9MAiXV06pZBs0PJvjnwcfOZyLFkzbION6y6ulNQucDuQCi0tp0doV7PiIhY_rPbSIQvmonYN6DqafDPLevxVKq6puIzJDI-xU6vpA5vClnqcgioJm8F0ru4TsDMJaqY6XbhrvxNbDP4wXa=s3264" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEigeT3FOCfxDsffHO2bYYmwfI6GcjAQihMDedoqY3JN1N9MAiXV06pZBs0PJvjnwcfOZyLFkzbION6y6ulNQucDuQCi0tp0doV7PiIhY_rPbSIQvmonYN6DqafDPLevxVKq6puIzJDI-xU6vpA5vClnqcgioJm8F0ru4TsDMJaqY6XbhrvxNbDP4wXa=s320" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;">Un pensiero mi balenò per la mente: non si sarà guastato il modulo attenuatore? E' un problema noto in questi strumenti: almeno la serie precedente (gli HP per intenderci) montavano un attenuatore a contatti comandati da bobine, simili a relè. Spesso i contatti si deformavano, non garantendo più la funzione voluta.</p><p style="text-align: left;">In quei generatori si sente chiaramente il "click" dovuto allo scatto dei contatti; nel mio invece la regolazione è silenziosa.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Cerchiamone la causa</h3><p style="text-align: left;">Mi è stata di grande aiuto la guida di <b>EEVblog</b>, il link è pubblicato in fondo all'articolo.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Appurato che il generatore funziona correttamente in frequenza, ne escludo i moduli di produzione del segnale. Dovrebbe essere l'attenuatore. Ma questo apparato ha un sistema di attenuazione diviso in più parti.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Una parte, il modulo attenuatore, contenuto in una scatola metallica e collegato tra la scheda RF e l'uscita, è un attenuatore elettronico. Ma attenua solo in modo grossolano, a step multipli di 2.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Controllo i comandi e l'uscita, con l'analizzatore di spettro. Comandi ed attenuazione combaciano; escludo il modulo.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Il problema allora deve stare nella scheda RF.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Qui viene formato il segnale di uscita, combinando l'uscita del PLL con diversi oscillatori, a seconda della gamma di frequenza voluta.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Ogni gamma, inoltre, ha una sua attenuazione. Me ne accorgo in quanto l'attenuazione funziona correttamente solo sopra i 300 MHz.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Vi sono anche diversi stadi separatori/amplificatori.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhqy7JDqOQJt4TUixO1KqIdNy9AZcXDPbzAVA7pxtoKj45a5Ja2HpK7SktOLCXtv6cqKDf56afoEZDaxtO6gRZZAu0PyplEfbX8sYgR94qsyp2cSMUFno2Qjz6NLVGgqLPCw0N76e7-sbfHZbZ1PssNhFX64eK8pV_32GCzu6IFvnBnf_WSVKemLIY4=s3264" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhqy7JDqOQJt4TUixO1KqIdNy9AZcXDPbzAVA7pxtoKj45a5Ja2HpK7SktOLCXtv6cqKDf56afoEZDaxtO6gRZZAu0PyplEfbX8sYgR94qsyp2cSMUFno2Qjz6NLVGgqLPCw0N76e7-sbfHZbZ1PssNhFX64eK8pV_32GCzu6IFvnBnf_WSVKemLIY4=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p style="text-align: left;">L'attenuatore, in questa scheda, è composto da una cascata di diodi PIN, CR170...174. Essi si comportano da interruttori quando polarizzati; la polarizzazione avviene con un BJT, Q772, comandato da una logica.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiUb5mtM8cZaU2H_BujGpWayeZCG3YscXmQmPpzJWrAzNuwrf7hNrXMfWoqT3TTLHSLMifI1c8f37YnwtuphUnTelvKa8-Q7hRNTRdR4GB90Q4_FSvd4Z09P27mM5CrC0qOF---r5b_KgIf9riR64Q3toldJsc8hVM6fdkqV-vcO20fHwhnM5NfIzxy=s3264" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiUb5mtM8cZaU2H_BujGpWayeZCG3YscXmQmPpzJWrAzNuwrf7hNrXMfWoqT3TTLHSLMifI1c8f37YnwtuphUnTelvKa8-Q7hRNTRdR4GB90Q4_FSvd4Z09P27mM5CrC0qOF---r5b_KgIf9riR64Q3toldJsc8hVM6fdkqV-vcO20fHwhnM5NfIzxy=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: left;">Ecco: in uno di questi attenuatori non arriva alcuna tensione di bias. Il relativo transistore viene però comandato correttamente. Provo a sostituirlo.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Problema risolto!</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjJgH81dZTomoMavCaS_SUIsttax94enMug_-g3IEnuw97BpG5g2nfmzOaFNaxyxco6KbzBrqlPLXIlhDDmcwpLpHqgYxL8zjxpVlKCWUiTOKLsqKXjeoPxaGiusLBNDQzu4hQyErENXkEuAeZB2oKxUFnFMsYzptnOG0gy6vwHA7srKLtr0Xy6ucPN=s3264" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="194" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjJgH81dZTomoMavCaS_SUIsttax94enMug_-g3IEnuw97BpG5g2nfmzOaFNaxyxco6KbzBrqlPLXIlhDDmcwpLpHqgYxL8zjxpVlKCWUiTOKLsqKXjeoPxaGiusLBNDQzu4hQyErENXkEuAeZB2oKxUFnFMsYzptnOG0gy6vwHA7srKLtr0Xy6ucPN=w258-h194" width="258" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh1fCdVfPb1LATu6SwLe9ykmSLBHTzVicD_WJzaQcoX3K2QmA8SW9K6I-EabM_BFfCIkXUH3TY6FT3JNZdkcIEX2W1-3BwoGk-n4gg4QjZYwtAh2rPfh_fjO3TZdBIousMeE3_B7iECYdB8snbOxenNOPWFmQZfXrBTgdrQ_wx3HknCQDjHTiIAjsKl=s3264" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh1fCdVfPb1LATu6SwLe9ykmSLBHTzVicD_WJzaQcoX3K2QmA8SW9K6I-EabM_BFfCIkXUH3TY6FT3JNZdkcIEX2W1-3BwoGk-n4gg4QjZYwtAh2rPfh_fjO3TZdBIousMeE3_B7iECYdB8snbOxenNOPWFmQZfXrBTgdrQ_wx3HknCQDjHTiIAjsKl=w260-h195" width="260" /></a></div></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p><i><b>73 de Andy IV3ONZ</b></i><br /><br /></p><h3>Link utili e bibliografia:<br /></h3><ul><li><a href="https://www.keysight.com/it/en/support/E4421B/esga-series-analog-rf-signal-generator-3-ghz.html">E4421B ESG-A Series Analog RF Signal Generator, 3 GHz</a></li><li>EEVblog Electronics Community Forum: <a href="https://www.eevblog.com/forum/repair/e4421b-restauration-project/">Agilent E4421B RF generator restoration project</a></li></ul>IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6131487507049857417.post-86098371682439433182021-01-06T16:30:00.025+01:002023-08-20T11:14:51.523+02:00Suddivisione IARU delle bande a microonde<p>Nota la <a href="https://iv3onz.blogspot.com/2020/11/frequenze-assegnate-al-servizio-di.html">ripartizione delle frequenze</a>, stabilita da ogni Paese con una propria legislazione, per conoscere il tipo di emissione e la banda occupata utilizzabile la <i><b>IARU</b></i>, l'Unione Internazionale dei Radio Amatori, suddivide a sua volta ogni banda di frequenze.</p>
<p>Questa suddivisione è subordinata alla concessione delle frequenze; quindi particolari modalità come potenza massima, limiti di frequenza o statuto devono essere seguiti secondo la normativa locale vigente.</p><p>
</p>
<table cellspacing="1" cols="1" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"> <tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; text-align: center;"><b><i>Frequenze attribuite in Italia</i></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; text-align: center;"><b><i><b><i>Frequenze </i></b>non attribuite in Italia</i></b></td>
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</tbody>
</table>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">IARU Region 1 SHF band plan - Effective December 2020 (VGC Novi Sad)</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"></h3>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits</b><b> (MHz)</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW (Hz)</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>3400.000 - 3400.800</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">MGM & CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>3400.100</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">EME Centre of activity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>3400.750 - 3400.800</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Local beacons</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>3400.800 - 3400.995</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">MGM & CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Beacons only</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>3401.000 - 3402.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>3402.000 - 3410.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">satellite downlinks</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>3410.000 - 3475.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits</b><b> (MHz)</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW (Hz)</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>5650.000 - 5668.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Amateur Satellite service (uplink)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>5668.000 - 5670.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>5668.200</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band center of activity (a) Amateur Satellite Service ( up-link)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>5670.000 - 5700.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">MGM</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>5720.000 - 5760.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>5760.000 - 5760.800</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>5760.200</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band center of activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>5760.750 - 5760.800</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Local Beacon</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>5760.800 - 5760.990</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">MGM & CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Beacons only</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>5761.000 - 5762.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>5762.000 – 5770.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>5770.000 - 5790.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>5790.000 – 5830.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Amateur Satellite service (down link)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>5830.000 - 5850.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Amateur Satellite service (down link)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits </b><b>(MHz)</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW (Hz)</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>10000.000 - 10150.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">MGM</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>10150.000 - 10250.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>10250.000 – 10300.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">MGM</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>10300.000 – 10350.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">MGM</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>10350.000 - 10368.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>10368.000 - 10368.800</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>10368.2</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band center of activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>10368.750 - 10368.800</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Local Beacon</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>10368.800 - 10368.990</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Beacons only</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>10369.000 - 10370.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>10370.000 - 10450.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>10450.000 - 10500.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>10450 - 10452</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band modes in countries where 10.368-10.370 is not available</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits </b><b>(MHz)</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW (Hz)</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>24000.000 - 24048.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>24025</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Wideband centre of activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>24048.000 - 24048.800</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>24048.2</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">AMATEUR SATELLITE SERVICE NARROW BAND MODES - Narrow band centre of activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>24048.750 - 24048.800</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Local Beacon</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>24048.800 - 24048.995</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Beacons only</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>24049.000 - 24050.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Amateur Satellite service. Narrow band modes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>24050.000 - 24250.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes. </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">AMATEUR SATELLITE SERVICE</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">IARU Region 1 μWave band plan - Effective December 2020 (VGC Novi Sad)</h3><h3 style="text-align: left;"></h3>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits </b><b>(GHz)</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW (Hz)</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>47.000 - 47.088</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>47.088 - 47.090</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>47.090 - 47.200</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits </b><b>(GHz)</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW (Hz)</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>75.500 - 76.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">AMATEUR SATELLITE SERVICE (Preferred)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>75.976200</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Preferred Narrow band centre of activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>76.000 - 77.500</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>76.032200</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow Band Centre of activity in some countries (not preferred)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>77.500 - 77.501</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="50" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>77.500</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">200</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Preferred NB centre of activity in countries outside the CEPT area. AMATEUR SATELLITE SERVICE</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>77.501 - 78.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">preferred segment</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>78.000 – 81.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not preferred segment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>81.000 - 81.500</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not preferred segment</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits </b><b>(GHz)</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW (Hz)</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>122.250 - 122.251</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all mode</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">narrow band modes</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>122.251 - 123.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all mode</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits </b><b>(GHz)</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW (Hz)</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>134.000 - 134.928</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all mode</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">AMATEUR SATELLITE SERVICE</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>134.928 - 134.930</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all mode</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>134.930</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band centre of activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>134.930 - 136.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all mode</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>136.000 - 141.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all mode</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not preferred segment</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits </b><b>(GHz)</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW (Hz)</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>241.000 - 248.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all mode</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not preferred segment</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>248.000 - 248.001</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all mode</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">AMATEUR SATELLITE SERVICE & NARROW BAND MODES</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>248.001 - 250.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Not spec.</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all mode</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">preferred segment</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><h3 style="text-align: left;">DEFINITIONS</h3></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table border="0" cellspacing="1" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="Not spec.">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 247px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 340px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i>All modes</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">CW, Phone and those other modes listed as Centres of Activity, plus AM (consideration should then be given to adjacent channel users)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i>Narrow band modes</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">All modes using up to 500 Hz bandwidth, including CW, RTTY, PSK etc.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i>MGM</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Machine Generated Mode</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<p><i><b>73 de Andy IV3ONZ</b></i><br /><br /></p>
<h3>Link utili e bibliografia:<br /></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.mise.gov.it/index.php/it/comunicazioni/radio/pnrf-piano-nazionale-di-ripartizione-delle-frequenze" target="_blank">Piano Nazionale di Ripartizione delle Frequenze</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.iaru-r1.org/reference/band-plans/" target="_blank">IARU Band Plans</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docdb.cept.org/download/2ca5fcbd-4090/ERCREP025.pdf" target="_blank">THE EUROPEAN TABLE OF FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND APPLICATIONS IN THE FREQUENCY RANGE 8.3 kHz to 3000 GHz (ECA TABLE) Approved March 2019</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-R/terrestrial/fmd/Pages/frequency-plans.aspx" target="_blank">ITU Frequency Plans </a></li>
</ul>
</div>
IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6131487507049857417.post-355562895064764782020-12-29T13:12:00.004+01:002023-08-20T11:13:57.540+02:00Suddivisione IARU delle bande VHF - UHF, Regione 1<p>Nota la <a href="https://iv3onz.blogspot.com/2020/11/frequenze-assegnate-al-servizio-di.html">ripartizione delle frequenze</a>, stabilita da ogni Paese con una propria legislazione, per conoscere il tipo di emissione e la banda occupata utilizzabile la <i><b>IARU</b></i>, l'Unione Internazionale dei Radio Amatori, suddivide a sua volta ogni banda di frequenze.</p><p>Questa suddivisione è subordinata alla concessione delle frequenze; quindi particolari modalità come potenza massima, limiti di frequenza o statuto devono essere seguiti secondo la normativa locale vigente.</p><p>
</p>
<table cellspacing="1" cols="1" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"> <tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td height="18" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; text-align: center;"><b><i>Frequenze attribuite in Italia</i></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="18" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; text-align: center;"><b><i><b><i>Frequenze </i></b>non attribuite in Italia</i></b></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">IARU Region 1 VHF band plan - Effective December 2020 (VGC Novi Sad)</h3><h3 style="text-align: left;"></h3>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i><span style="color: red;">50.000 - 50.100</span></i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><span style="color: red;">500</span></b></td>
<td align="MIDDLE" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><span style="color: red;">Coordinated Beacon Project</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i><span style="color: red;">50.000 – 50.010</span></i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><span style="color: red;">500</span></b></td>
<td align="MIDDLE" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><span style="color: red;">Coordinated Beacon Project 000 - 010 Region 1</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.000 - 50.100</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.050</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">centre of activity SSB QRP</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.090</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">intercontinental centre of activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.100 - 50.200</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">SSB and CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.100 - 50.130</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Intercontental. Centre of activity 50.110 MHz</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.130-50.200</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">International. Centre of activity 50.150 MHz</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.200 - 50.300</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">SSB and CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">General use, 50.285 MHz: crossband</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.300 - 50.400</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">MGM</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.305</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">PSK</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">PSK Center of activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.310 - 50.320</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">EME center of activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.320 - 50.380</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">MS center of activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.400 - 50.500</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">1000</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">MGM and CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.401</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">+/- 500 Hz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Beacons exclusive</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">WSPR Beacons)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.500 - 52.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">12 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all mode</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.510</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">SSTV</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.520 - 50.540</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Simplex FM Internet Voice Gateways</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.550</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Image working frequency</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.600</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">RTTY (FSK)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.620 - 50.750</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digital communications</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.630</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digital Voice (DV) calling</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>51.210 - 50.390</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM/DV</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Repeater Inputs</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>51.410 - 50.590</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM/DV Simplex</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>51.510</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM calling frequency</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>51.810 - 51.990</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Repeaters output channels</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.500 - 50.700</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">none</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all mode</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.540 - 50.580 </i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Simplex FM/DV </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Internet Voice Gateways</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.600 - 50.700</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digital communications</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Including 50.630 DV calling</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.700 - 50.900</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">12 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM/Digital voice</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.710 - 50.890</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM/DV </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Repeater output channels</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>50.900 - 51.200</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">none</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all mode</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">For wideband digital experiments</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>51.200 - 51.400</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">12 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM/Digital voice</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>51.210 - 50.390</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM/DV </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Repeater Input channels</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>51.400 - 52.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">none</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all mode</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>51.410 - 51.590</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM/DV</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Simplex</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>51.510</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM calling frequency</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>51.810 – 51.990</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM/DV </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Repeaters output channels, For wideband digital experiments</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>51.990 – 52.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all mode</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>52.000 - 54.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all mode</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>70.000 - 70.090</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">1000</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">MGM and CW </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Coordinated beacons</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>70.090 - 70.100</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">1000</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">MGM and CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Temporary and personal beacons</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>70.091</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Personal WSPR beacons</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="17" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>70.100 - 70.250</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">SSB, CW, MGM</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>70.185</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Crossband center of activity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>70.200</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Centre of activity CW/SSB calling</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>70.250</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Centre of activity MS</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>70.250 - 70.294</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">12 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">AM, FM</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>70.260</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">AM/FM calling</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>70.270</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">MGM centre of activity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>70.294 - 70.500</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">12 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM Channels 12.5 kHz spacing</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>70.3125</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">digital communications</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>70.3250</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">digital communications</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>70.4500</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM calling</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>70.4875</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">digital communications</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>144.000 -144.025</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all mode</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Satellite downlink only</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" bgcolor="#33CC66" height="17" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>144.025 -144.100</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>144.050</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Telagraphy calling</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>144.100</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Random MS</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>144.100 - 144.150</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">MGM and CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>144.110 - 144.160</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW and MGM EME</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" bgcolor="#33CC66" height="17" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>144.150 - 144.400</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">SSB, CW, MGM</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>144.195 - 144.205</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Random MS SSB</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>144.300</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">SSB Centre of activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>144.400 - 144.490</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">MGM and CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Beacons exclusive</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" bgcolor="#33CC66" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>144.491 - 144.493</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Personal weak signal, MGM, Beacons Experimental MGM</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>144.500 - 144.794</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">20 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All mode</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>144.500</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Image mode centre (SSTV. Fax....)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>144.600</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Data Centre of activity (MGM. RTTY...)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>144.750</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">ATV Talk back</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>144.794 - 144.9625</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">12 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">MGM Digital Communication</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>144.800</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">APRS</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>144.8125</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">DV internet voice gateway</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>144.8250</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">DV internet voice gateway</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>144.8375</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">DV internet voice gateway</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>144.8500</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">DV internet voice gateway</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>144.8625</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">DV internet voice gateway</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>144.975 - 145.194</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">12 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM/Digital Voice</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Repeater input exclusive</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>145.194 - 145.206</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">12 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM/Digital</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Voice Space Communication</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>145.206 - 145.5625</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">12 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM/Digital</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Voice</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>145.2375</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM Internet Voice Gateway</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>145.2875</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM Internet Voice Gateway</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>145.3375</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM Internet Voice Gateway</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>145.375</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digital voice calling</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>145.500</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM calling</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>145.575 - 145.7935</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">12 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM/Digital</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Voice Repeater output exclusive</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>145.794 - 145.806</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">12 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM/Digital</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Voice Space Communication</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>145.806 -146.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">12 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All mode</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Satellite exclusive</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<h3 style="text-align: left;">IARU Region 1 UHF band plan - Effective December 2020 (VGC - Novi Sad)<br /></h3>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>430.000 - 431.975</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">20 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all mode</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>430.025 - 430.375</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM repeater output (1.6 MHz shift)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>430.400 - 430.575</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">digital communications</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>430.600 . 430.925</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">digital communications repeater channels</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>430.925 - 431.025</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">multimode channels</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>431.050 - 431.825</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Repeater input channel freqs 7.6 MHz shift</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>431.625 - 431.975</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Repeater input channels (1.6 MHz shift)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" bgcolor="#33CC66" height="17" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>432.000 - 432.100</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">MGM &CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>432.050</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW Centre of activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" bgcolor="#33CC66" height="17" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>432.100 - 432.400</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">MGM. CW &SSB</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>432.200</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">SSB centre of activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>432.350</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Microwave talkback centre of acitivity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>432.370</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Meteo Scatter centre of activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>432.400 - 432.490</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">MGM &CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Beacons Exclusive</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>432.191 - 432.193</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">EMGM </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Experimental MGM</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>432.500 - 432.975</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">12 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all mode</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>432.500</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">New APRS frequency</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" bgcolor="#33CC66" height="50" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i><span style="font-family: Calibri;">432.600 - 432.9875</span></i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">FM / Digital Voice </span></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">REPEATER INPUT REGION 1 STANDARD, 25 kHz spacing, 2 MHz shift (Channel freq 432.600 - 432.975 MHz)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" bgcolor="#33CC66" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>433.000 - 433.375</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">12 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM / Digital Voice </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Repeaters REPEATER INPUT REGION 1 STANDARD, 25 kHz spacing, 1.6 MHz shift</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>433.400 - 433.575</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">12 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM / Digital Voice</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>433.400</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">SSTV (FM/AFSK)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>433.450</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digital Voice calling</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>433.500</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM calling</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>433.600 - 434.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">none</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all mode</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>433.625 - 433.775</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digital communications channels</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>434.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Centre frequency of digital experiments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>434.000 - 434.594</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">12 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All mode - ATV</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>434.450 - 434.575</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digital communications channels</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>434.594 - 434.981</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">12 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All mode</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>434.600 - 434.9875</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Repeater Output (12.5 kHz spacing 1.6 or 2 MHz shift)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>435.000 - 436.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">none</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Satellite service</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" bgcolor="#33CC66" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>436.000 - 438.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">none</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Satellite service & DATV/data DATV/data centre of activity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>438.000 - 440.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">none</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All mode</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>438.025 - 438.175</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digital communication channels</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>438.200 - 438.525</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digital communication repeater channels</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>438.550 - 438.625</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Multi mode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>438.650 - 439.425</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Repeater output channels (7.6 MHz shift)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>439.800 - 439.975</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digital communication link channels</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1240.000 - 1240.500</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Reserved for the future</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1240.500 - 1240.750</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">MGM & CW Beacons</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">(reserved for the future)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1240.750 - 1241.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">20 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM/Digital Voice</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Reserved for the future</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1241.000 - 1243.250</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">20 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1242.025 - 1242.250</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">repeater output</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1242.275 - 1242.700</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">repeater output</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1242.725 - 1243.250</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digital communications</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1243.250 – 1245.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">* (D)ATV</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1245.000 - 1260.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">* (D)ATV</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1258.150 - 1259.350</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Repeater output</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1260.000 – 1267.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">* Satellite service</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1267.000 - 1270.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">* Satellite service</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1270.000 - 1272.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">20 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1270.025 - 1270.700</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Repeater input</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1270.725 - 1271.250</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digital Communication</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1272.000 - 1290.994</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">* (D)ATV</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1290.994 - 1291.481</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">20 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM/ Digital Voice</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Repeater Input 25 kHz spacing</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1291.494 - 1296.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">* all modes</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1293.150 - 1294.350</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">repeater input R20 - R68</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" bgcolor="#33CC66" height="17" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1296.000 - 1296.150</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">MGM & CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1296.000 - 1296.025</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Moonbounce</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1296.138</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">PSK31 Centre of activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" bgcolor="#33CC66" height="17" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1296.150 - 1296.800</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">MGM. CW & SSB</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1296.200</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band centre of activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1296.400 - 1296.600</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Linear transponder input</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1296.500</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Fax</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" bgcolor="#33CC66" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1296.600</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrowband data centre of activity (MGM.RTTY....)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1296.600 - 1296.700</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Linear transponder output</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1296.741 - 1296.743</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Experimental MGM (500Hz)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1296.750 - 1296.800</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Local beacons</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1296.800 - 1296.994</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">MGM & CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Beacons exclusive</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1296.994 - 1297.481</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">20 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM/Digital Voice </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Repeater Output 25 kHz spacing</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1297.494 - 1297.981</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">20 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM/ Digital Voice</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1297.500</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">SM20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1297.500</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">centre of FM acitivity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1297.725</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">digital voice calling frequency</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1297.900 - 1297.975</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Simplex FM internet gateways</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1297.975</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">SM39</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1298.000 - 1299.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">20 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes. </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">General mixed analogue or digital use 25 kHz spacing channels</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1298.025</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">RS1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1298.975</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">RS39</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="66" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1299.000 - 1299.750</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">150 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Arranged as 5 x 150 kHz channels for high speed Digital Data (DD), usage: Centres: 1299.075, 1299.225, 1299.375, 1299.525, 1299.675 MHz (+/- 75kHz)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1299.750 - 1300.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">20 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">8x25kHz channels (available for FM/DV use) : Centres: 1299.775-1299.975</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>2300.000 - 2320.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">20 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" bgcolor="#33CC66" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>2304 - 2306</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band segment in countries where the 2320-2322 segment is not available</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>2308 - 2310</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band segment in HB</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>2320.000 - 2320.800</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">none</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>2320.000 - 2320.025</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">EME</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>2320.200</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">SSB centre of activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>2320.750 - 2320.800</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Local Beacons(10W ERP max)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>2320.800 - 2321.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">MGM & CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"> Beacons exclusive</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>2321.000 - 2322.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">20 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM / Digital Voice </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Voice simplex and repeaters</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>2322.000 - 2400.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">none</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">all modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>2322.000 - 2355.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">ATV</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>2355.000 - 2365.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digital communications</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>2365.000 - 2370.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Repeaters</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>2370.000 - 2392.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">ATV</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>2392.000 - 2400.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digital communications</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>2400.000 – 2440.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">amateur satellite service</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" bgcolor="#33CC66" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>2400 - 2402</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band segment in countries where the 2320-2322 segment is not available</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>2427.00 – 2440.00</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">ATV if no satellite uses this segment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>2440.00 - 2443.00</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">ATV if no satellite uses this segment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>2440.000 - 2450.000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">amateur satellite service</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><h3 style="text-align: left;">DEFINITIONS</h3></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table border="0" cellspacing="1" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 247px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 340px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i>All modes</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">CW, Phone and those other modes listed as Centres of Activity, plus AM (consideration should then be given to adjacent channel users)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i>Narrow band modes</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">All modes using up to 500 Hz bandwidth, including CW, RTTY, PSK etc.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i>Digimodes</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Any digital mode within the appropriate bandwidth, e.g. RTTY, PSK, MT63 etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i>Image modes</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Any analogue or digital image modes within the appropriate bandwidth, e.g. SSTV, FAX</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i>MGM</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Machine Generated Mode</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<p><i><b>73 de Andy IV3ONZ</b></i><br /><br /></p>
<h3>Link utili e bibliografia:<br /></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.mise.gov.it/index.php/it/comunicazioni/radio/pnrf-piano-nazionale-di-ripartizione-delle-frequenze" target="_blank">Piano Nazionale di Ripartizione delle Frequenze</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.iaru-r1.org/reference/band-plans/" target="_blank">IARU Band Plans</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docdb.cept.org/download/2ca5fcbd-4090/ERCREP025.pdf" target="_blank">THE EUROPEAN TABLE OF FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND APPLICATIONS IN THE FREQUENCY RANGE 8.3 kHz to 3000 GHz (ECA TABLE) Approved March 2019</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-R/terrestrial/fmd/Pages/frequency-plans.aspx" target="_blank">ITU Frequency Plans </a></li>
</ul>
</div>
IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6131487507049857417.post-69383146555765263732020-12-23T11:00:00.006+01:002020-12-24T15:43:20.920+01:00Abbreviazioni tecniche<p><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-04ntT-A9i7U/X-MEQWd9eEI/AAAAAAAAcJM/n3Iq6EAh9fsBR7cmgyYqWnQe2iAFTcZtQCPcBGAsYHg/s1083/2020-12-09%2B22.27.00.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="668" data-original-width="1083" height="124" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-04ntT-A9i7U/X-MEQWd9eEI/AAAAAAAAcJM/n3Iq6EAh9fsBR7cmgyYqWnQe2iAFTcZtQCPcBGAsYHg/w200-h124/2020-12-09%2B22.27.00.jpg" width="200" /></a>
Nei manuali tecnici si trovano spesso abbreviazioni dei termini usati. Non c'è una normativa a riguardo, tali termini sono spesso a discrezione di chi li inventa e li adopera.</p>
<p>Per i simboli elettronici esistono codifiche come la IEC 60617, la IEEE Std 315 o la IEEE/ANSI 91/91a; per le unità di misura ci si deve riferire al Sistema Internazionale.</p>
<p>In linea di massima, però, alcuni termini sono entrati nell'uso comune, tanto che vengono internazionalmente riconosciuti, tipo TX per trasmettitore o Vcc per tensione di alimentazione.</p>
<p>Alcune abbreviazioni corrispondono a più significati, per esempio C che sta per "Condensatore" (Capacitor) e "Collettore" (Collector); ci si dovrà attenere quindi al contesto per usarle.</p>
<p>Qui di seguito un elenco delle abbreviazioni più comuni usate nei testi di elettronica e radiotecnica.</p>
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">A</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" width="71">A</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">Anode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">ac</td>
<td align="LEFT">alternating current</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">ACK</td>
<td align="LEFT">Acknowledgment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">ACP</td>
<td align="LEFT">Adjacent Channel Power</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">ACS</td>
<td align="LEFT">Adjacent Channel Selectivity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">A/D</td>
<td align="LEFT">analog-to-digital</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">ADC</td>
<td align="LEFT">analog-to-digital converter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">AF</td>
<td align="LEFT">audio frequency</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">AFA</td>
<td align="LEFT">Adaptive Frequency Agility</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">AFC</td>
<td align="LEFT">automatic frequency control</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">AFSK</td>
<td align="LEFT">audio frequency-shift keying</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">AGC</td>
<td align="LEFT">automatic gain control</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">ALC</td>
<td align="LEFT">automatic level control</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">AM</td>
<td align="LEFT">amplitude modulation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">AMSAT</td>
<td align="LEFT">Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">AMTOR</td>
<td align="LEFT">Amateur Teleprinting Over Radio</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="17">ANT</td>
<td align="LEFT">antenna</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">APC</td>
<td align="LEFT">Adaptive Power Control</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">ARQ</td>
<td align="LEFT">Automatic repeat request</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">ASCII</td>
<td align="LEFT">American National Standard Code for Information Interchange</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">ATU</td>
<td align="LEFT">Antenna Tuner Unit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">ATV</td>
<td align="LEFT">amateur television</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">AVC</td>
<td align="LEFT">automatic volume control</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">AVG</td>
<td align="LEFT">Average</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">AWG</td>
<td align="LEFT">American wire gauge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">az-el</td>
<td align="LEFT">azimuth-elevation</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">B</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" width="71">B</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">Magnetic Field Flux, Base (BJT)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">balun</td>
<td align="LEFT">balanced to unbalanced (transformer)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">BC</td>
<td align="LEFT">broadcast</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">BCD</td>
<td align="LEFT">binary coded decimal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">BCI</td>
<td align="LEFT">broadcast interference</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">BCL</td>
<td align="LEFT">Broadcast Listener</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">BER</td>
<td align="LEFT">bit error rate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">BFO</td>
<td align="LEFT">beat-frequency oscillator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">BJT</td>
<td align="LEFT">Bipolar Junction Transistor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">BPF</td>
<td align="LEFT">band-pass filter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">BPSK</td>
<td align="LEFT">Biphase-Shift Keying</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">BT</td>
<td align="LEFT">battery</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">BW</td>
<td align="LEFT">bandwidth</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">C</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" width="71">C</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">Capacitor, Collector (BJT)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">CB</td>
<td align="LEFT">Citizens Band (radio)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">CBBS</td>
<td align="LEFT">computer bulletin-board service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">CBMS</td>
<td align="LEFT">computer-based message system</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">CCA</td>
<td align="LEFT">Clear Channel Assessment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">CCITT</td>
<td align="LEFT">International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">CCTV</td>
<td align="LEFT">closed-circuit television</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">CCW</td>
<td align="LEFT">coherent CW</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">ccw</td>
<td align="LEFT">counterclockwise</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">CISPR</td>
<td align="LEFT">International Special Committee on Radio Interference</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">CMOS</td>
<td align="LEFT">complementary-symmetry metal-oxide semiconductor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">coax</td>
<td align="LEFT">coaxial cable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">COR</td>
<td align="LEFT">carrier-operated relay</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">CPU</td>
<td align="LEFT">central processing unit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">CRT</td>
<td align="LEFT">cathode ray tube</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">CTCSS</td>
<td align="LEFT">continuous tone-coded squelch system</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">CW</td>
<td align="LEFT">continuous wave</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">D</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" width="71">D</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">diode, Drain (FET)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">D/A</td>
<td align="LEFT">digital-to-analog</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">DAC</td>
<td align="LEFT">digital-to-analog converter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">dc</td>
<td align="LEFT">direct current</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">DC</td>
<td align="LEFT">Duty Cycle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">DCT</td>
<td align="LEFT">Duty Cycle Template</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">DDS</td>
<td align="LEFT">direct digital synthesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="17">DET</td>
<td align="LEFT">detector</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">DF</td>
<td align="LEFT">direction finding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">DIP</td>
<td align="LEFT">dual in-line package</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">DMM</td>
<td align="LEFT">digital multimeter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">DPDT</td>
<td align="LEFT">double-pole double-throw (switch)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">DPSK</td>
<td align="LEFT">differential phase-shift keying</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">DPST</td>
<td align="LEFT">double-pole single-throw (switch)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">DS</td>
<td align="LEFT">direct sequence (spread spectrum)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">DSB</td>
<td align="LEFT">double sideband</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">DSP</td>
<td align="LEFT">digital signal processing</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">DSSS</td>
<td align="LEFT">Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">DTMF</td>
<td align="LEFT">dual-tone multifrequency</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">DUT</td>
<td align="LEFT">Device Under Test</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">DVM</td>
<td align="LEFT">digital voltmeter </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">DX</td>
<td align="LEFT">long distance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">DXCC</td>
<td align="LEFT">DX Century Club</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">DZ</td>
<td align="LEFT">Zener Diode</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">E</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" width="71">E</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">Electric Field, Emitter (BJT)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">ECL</td>
<td align="LEFT">emitter-coupled logic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">EFHW</td>
<td align="LEFT">End Fed Half Wave Antenna</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">E/H</td>
<td align="LEFT">Electromagnetic Field</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">EHF</td>
<td align="LEFT">extremely high frequency (30-300 GHz)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">EIA</td>
<td align="LEFT">Electronic Industries Alliance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">e.r.p.</td>
<td align="LEFT">effective radiated power</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">EIRP</td>
<td align="LEFT">effective isotropic radiated power</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">ELF</td>
<td align="LEFT">extremely low frequency</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">ELT</td>
<td align="LEFT">emergency locator transmitter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">EMC</td>
<td align="LEFT">electromagnetic compatibility</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">EME</td>
<td align="LEFT">earth-moon-earth (moonbounce)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">EMI</td>
<td align="LEFT">electromagnetic interference</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">EMP</td>
<td align="LEFT">electromagnetic pulse</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">EPROM</td>
<td align="LEFT">erasable programmable read only memory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">EUT</td>
<td align="LEFT">Equipment Under Test</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">F</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" width="71">f</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">frequency</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="17">F</td>
<td align="LEFT">fuse</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">FAR</td>
<td align="LEFT">Fully Anechoic Room</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="17">fax</td>
<td align="LEFT">facsimile</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">FD</td>
<td align="LEFT">Field Day</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">FEC</td>
<td align="LEFT">Forward Error Correction</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">FET</td>
<td align="LEFT">field-effect transistor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">FFT</td>
<td align="LEFT">fast Fourier transform</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">FHSS</td>
<td align="LEFT">Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">FL</td>
<td align="LEFT">filter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">FM</td>
<td align="LEFT">frequency modulation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">FMTV</td>
<td align="LEFT">frequency-modulated television</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">FSK</td>
<td align="LEFT">frequency-shift keying</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">FSTV</td>
<td align="LEFT">fast-scan (real-time) television</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">G</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" width="71">G</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">Conductance, Gate (FET), Grid (VT)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">GaAsFET</td>
<td align="LEFT">gallium arsenide FET</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">GDO</td>
<td align="LEFT">grid- or gate-dip oscillator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">GND</td>
<td align="LEFT">ground</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">H</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" width="71">H</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">Magnetic Field Strenght</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">HF</td>
<td align="LEFT">high frequency (3-30 MHz) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">HPF</td>
<td align="LEFT">high-pass filter</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">I</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" width="71">I</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">Current</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">IARU</td>
<td align="LEFT">International Amateur Radio Union</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">IC</td>
<td align="LEFT">integrated circuit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">ID</td>
<td align="LEFT">identification</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">IEEE</td>
<td align="LEFT">Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">IF</td>
<td align="LEFT">intermediate frequency</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">IMD</td>
<td align="LEFT">intermodulation distortion</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="17">I/O</td>
<td align="LEFT">input/output</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">IRC</td>
<td align="LEFT">international reply coupon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">ISB</td>
<td align="LEFT">independent sideband</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">ITU</td>
<td align="LEFT">International Telecommunication Union</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">ITU-T</td>
<td align="LEFT">ITU Telecommunication Standardization Bureau</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">J</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" width="71">JFET</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">junction field-effect transistor</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">K</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" width="71">K</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">Cathode</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">L</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" width="71">L</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">inductor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">LBT</td>
<td align="LEFT">Listen Before Talk</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">LC</td>
<td align="LEFT">inductance-capacitance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">LCD</td>
<td align="LEFT">liquid crystal display</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">LDC/HR</td>
<td align="LEFT">Low Duty Cycle/High Reliability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">LED</td>
<td align="LEFT">light-emitting diode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">LF</td>
<td align="LEFT">low frequency (30-300 kHz)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">LHC</td>
<td align="LEFT">left-hand circular (polarization)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">LO</td>
<td align="LEFT">local oscillator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">LPDA</td>
<td align="LEFT">Logarithmic Periodic Dipole Antenna</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">LS</td>
<td align="LEFT">loudspeaker </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">LSB</td>
<td align="LEFT">lower sideband</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">LSI</td>
<td align="LEFT">large-scale integration</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">LUF</td>
<td align="LEFT">lowest usable frequency</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">M</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" width="71">MCP</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">multimode communications processor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">MDS</td>
<td align="LEFT">Multipoint Distribution Service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">MF</td>
<td align="LEFT">medium frequency (300-3000 kHz)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">MI</td>
<td align="LEFT">Message Initiator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">mic</td>
<td align="LEFT">microphone</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="17">MIX</td>
<td align="LEFT">mixer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">MMIC</td>
<td align="LEFT">Monolithic microwave integrated circuit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">MOD</td>
<td align="LEFT">modulator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">modem</td>
<td align="LEFT">modulator/demodulator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">MOS</td>
<td align="LEFT">metal-oxide semiconductor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">MOSFET</td>
<td align="LEFT">metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">MR</td>
<td align="LEFT">Message Responder</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">MS</td>
<td align="LEFT">meteor scatter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">MSI</td>
<td align="LEFT">medium-scale integration</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">MSK</td>
<td align="LEFT">minimum-shift keying</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">MSO</td>
<td align="LEFT">message storage operation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">MUF</td>
<td align="LEFT">maximum usable frequency</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">N</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" width="71">n</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">number of turns (inductors)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">NBFM</td>
<td align="LEFT">narrow-band frequency modulation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">NC</td>
<td align="LEFT">no connection</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">NF</td>
<td align="LEFT">noise figure</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">NiCd</td>
<td align="LEFT">nickel cadmium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">NiMH</td>
<td align="LEFT">nickel metal-hidrate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">NMOS</td>
<td align="LEFT">N-channel metal-oxide silicon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">NO</td>
<td align="LEFT">normally open</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="17">NPN</td>
<td align="LEFT">negative-positive-negative (transistor) </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">O</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="17" width="71">OATS</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">Open Area Test Site</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">OBW</td>
<td align="LEFT">Occupied BandWidth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">OC</td>
<td align="LEFT">Operating Channel</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">OCW</td>
<td align="LEFT">Operating Channel Bandwidth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">OFB</td>
<td align="LEFT">Operational Frequency Band</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">OFDM</td>
<td align="LEFT">Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">OLED</td>
<td align="LEFT">Organic LED</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">OOB</td>
<td align="LEFT">Out Of Band</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">op amp</td>
<td align="LEFT">operational amplifier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">OQPSK</td>
<td align="LEFT">Ortogonal Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">OSC</td>
<td align="LEFT">oscillator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">OSCAR</td>
<td align="LEFT">Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">P</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" width="71">P</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">power</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">PA</td>
<td align="LEFT">power amplifier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">PACTOR</td>
<td align="LEFT">digital mode combining aspects of packet and AMTOR</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">PAM</td>
<td align="LEFT">pulse-amplitude modulation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">PBS</td>
<td align="LEFT">packet bulletin-board system</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">PC</td>
<td align="LEFT">printed circuit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">PD</td>
<td align="LEFT">Power Density</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">PEP</td>
<td align="LEFT">peak envelope power</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">PEV</td>
<td align="LEFT">peak envelope voltage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">PIN</td>
<td align="LEFT">positive-intrinsic-negative (semiconductor)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">PLL</td>
<td align="LEFT">phase-locked loop</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">PM</td>
<td align="LEFT">phase modulation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">PMOS</td>
<td align="LEFT">P-channel (metal-oxide semiconductor)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="17">PNP</td>
<td align="LEFT">positive negative positive (transistor)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">pot</td>
<td align="LEFT">potentiometer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">P-P</td>
<td align="LEFT">peak to peak</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">PPM</td>
<td align="LEFT">Part per Million</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">PROM</td>
<td align="LEFT">programmable read-only memory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">PSA</td>
<td align="LEFT">Polite Spectrum Access</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">PSD</td>
<td align="LEFT">Power Spectral Density</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">PSK</td>
<td align="LEFT">Phase-Shift keying</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">PTO</td>
<td align="LEFT">permeability-tuned oscillator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">PTT</td>
<td align="LEFT">push to talk</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">Q</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" width="71">Q</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">figure of merit (tuned circuit)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">QAM</td>
<td align="LEFT">Quadrature Amplitude Modulation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">QPSK</td>
<td align="LEFT">quadrature Phase-Shift Keying</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">R</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" width="71">R</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">resistor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">RAM</td>
<td align="LEFT">random-access memory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">RBW</td>
<td align="LEFT">Resolution BandWidth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">RBWREF</td>
<td align="LEFT">REFerence Resolution BandWidth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">RC</td>
<td align="LEFT">resistance-capacitance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">R/C</td>
<td align="LEFT">radio control</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">RDF</td>
<td align="LEFT">radio direction finding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">RF</td>
<td align="LEFT">radio frequency</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">RFC</td>
<td align="LEFT">radio-frequency choke</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">RFI</td>
<td align="LEFT">radio-frequency interference</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">RHC</td>
<td align="LEFT">right-hand circular (polarization)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">RIT</td>
<td align="LEFT">receiver incremental tuning</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">RLC</td>
<td align="LEFT">resistance-inductance-capacitance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">RMS</td>
<td align="LEFT">root mean square</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">ROM</td>
<td align="LEFT">read-only memory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">RS</td>
<td align="LEFT">Radio Sputnik (Russian ham satellite)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">RST</td>
<td align="LEFT">readability-strength-tone (CW signal report)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">RTTY</td>
<td align="LEFT">radioteletype</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">RX</td>
<td align="LEFT">receiver, receiving</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">S</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" width="71">S</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">switch, Source (FET)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">SA</td>
<td align="LEFT">Spectrum Analyser</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">SAR</td>
<td align="LEFT">Semi-Anechoic Room</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">SASE</td>
<td align="LEFT">self-addressed stamped envelope</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">SCR</td>
<td align="LEFT">silicon controlled rectifier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">SHF</td>
<td align="LEFT">super-high frequency (3-30 GHz)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">SiC</td>
<td align="LEFT">Silicon Carbide Technology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">Si-Ge</td>
<td align="LEFT">Silicon-Germanium Technology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">S/N</td>
<td align="LEFT">signal-to-noise ratio</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">SPDT</td>
<td align="LEFT">single-pole double-throw (switch)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">SPST</td>
<td align="LEFT">single-pole single-throw (switch)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">SR</td>
<td align="LEFT">Switching Range</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">SRD</td>
<td align="LEFT">Short Range Device</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">SS</td>
<td align="LEFT">spread spectrum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">SSB</td>
<td align="LEFT">single sideband</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">SSI</td>
<td align="LEFT">small-scale integration</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">SSTV</td>
<td align="LEFT">slow-scan television</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="17">SX</td>
<td align="LEFT">simplex</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">sync</td>
<td align="LEFT">synchronous, synchronizing</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">SWL</td>
<td align="LEFT">shortwave listener</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">SWR</td>
<td align="LEFT">standing-wave ratio</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">T</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" width="71">T</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">transformer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">TCP/IP</td>
<td align="LEFT">Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">TCXO</td>
<td align="LEFT">Temperature Controlled Crystal Oscillator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">TNC</td>
<td align="LEFT">terminal node controller (packet radio)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">TR</td>
<td align="LEFT">Technical Report</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">TRX</td>
<td align="LEFT">transmit/receive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">TTL</td>
<td align="LEFT">transistor-transistor logic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">TTY</td>
<td align="LEFT">TeleType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">TU</td>
<td align="LEFT">terminal unit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">TV</td>
<td align="LEFT">television</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">TVI</td>
<td align="LEFT">television interference</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">TX</td>
<td align="LEFT">transmitter, transmitting</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">U</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" width="71">U</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">integrated circuit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">UHF</td>
<td align="LEFT">ultra-high frequency (300 MHz to 3 GHz)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">UN-UN</td>
<td align="LEFT">Unbalanced to Unbalanced Transformer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">USB</td>
<td align="LEFT">Upper Sideband</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">UTC</td>
<td align="LEFT">Coordinated Universal Time (also abbreviated Z - Zulu)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">UV</td>
<td align="LEFT">Ultra-Violet</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">V</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" width="71">V</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">Voltage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">VBW</td>
<td align="LEFT">Video Bandwidth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">VCO</td>
<td align="LEFT">Voltage-controlled Oscillator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">VCR</td>
<td align="LEFT">Video Cassette Recorder</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">VCTCXO</td>
<td align="LEFT">Voltage Controlled TCXO</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="17">VDT</td>
<td align="LEFT">video-display terminal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">VFO</td>
<td align="LEFT">variable-frequency oscillator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">VHF</td>
<td align="LEFT">very-high frequency (30-300 MHz)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">VLF</td>
<td align="LEFT">very-low frequency (3-30 kHz)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">VLSI</td>
<td align="LEFT">very-large-scale integration</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">VMOS</td>
<td align="LEFT">V-topology metal-oxide semiconductor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">VOM</td>
<td align="LEFT">volt-ohmmeter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">VOX</td>
<td align="LEFT">voice-operated switch</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">VR</td>
<td align="LEFT">voltage regulator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">VSWR</td>
<td align="LEFT">voltage standing-wave ratio</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">VT</td>
<td align="LEFT">Vacuum Tube</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">VTVM</td>
<td align="LEFT">vacuum-tube voltmeter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">VUCC</td>
<td align="LEFT">VHF/UHF Century Club</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">VXO</td>
<td align="LEFT">variable-frequency crystal oscillator</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">W</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" width="71">WAC</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">Worked All Continents</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">WAS</td>
<td align="LEFT">Worked All States</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">WBFM</td>
<td align="LEFT">wide-band frequency modulation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">WEFAX</td>
<td align="LEFT">weather facsimile</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">WRC</td>
<td align="LEFT">World Radiocommunication Conference</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">X</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" width="71">X</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">reactance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">XCVR</td>
<td align="LEFT">transceiver </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">XFMR</td>
<td align="LEFT">transformer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">XIT</td>
<td align="LEFT">transmitter incremental tuning</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">XO</td>
<td align="LEFT">crystal oscillator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">XTAL</td>
<td align="LEFT">crystal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18">XVTR</td>
<td align="LEFT">transverter</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">Y</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" width="71">YIG</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">yttrium iron garnet</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">Z</h3>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 71px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 381px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" width="71">Z</td>
<td align="LEFT" width="381">impedance, also see UTC</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div>
<br /><br />
<i><b>73 de Andy IV3ONZ</b></i>
<br /><br />
<h3>Link utili e bibliografia</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://std.iec.ch/iec60617" target="_blank">IEC 60617 - Graphical Symbols for Diagrams</a></li>
<li><a href="https://standards.ieee.org/standard/315-1975.html" target="_blank">IEEE/ANSI 315-1975 - IEEE Standard for Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronics Diagrams (Including Reference Designation Letters)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://standards.ieee.org/standard/91-91a-1991.html" target="_blank">IEEE/ANSI 91/91a-1991 - IEEE Standard Graphic Symbols for Logic Functions (Including and incorporating IEEE Std 91a-1991, Supplement to IEEE Standard Graphic Symbols for Logic Functions)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.bipm.org/en/measurement-units/" target="_blank">The International System of Units (SI)</a></li><li><a href="http://www.arrl.org/files/file/Abbrev_AWE.pdf" target="_blank">List of Abbreviations found in ARRL Publications</a></li>
</ul>
</div>IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6131487507049857417.post-64519619208241742022020-12-16T19:48:00.008+01:002023-08-20T11:16:21.906+02:00Suddivisione IARU delle bande LF / MF / HF, Regione 1<p>Nota la <a href="https://iv3onz.blogspot.com/2020/11/frequenze-assegnate-al-servizio-di.html">ripartizione delle frequenze</a>, stabilita da ogni Paese con una propria legislazione, per conoscere il tipo di emissione e la banda occupata utilizzabile la <i><b>IARU</b></i>, l'Unione Internazionale dei Radio Amatori, suddivide a sua volta ogni banda di frequenze.</p><p>Questa suddivisione è subordinata alla concessione delle frequenze; quindi particolari modalità come potenza massima, limiti di frequenza o statuto devono essere seguiti secondo la normativa locale vigente.</p><p>
</p>
<table cellspacing="1" cols="1" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"> <tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td height="18" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; text-align: center;"><b><i>Frequenze attribuite in Italia</i></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="18" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; text-align: center;"><b><i><b><i>Frequenze </i></b>non attribuite in Italia</i></b></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">IARU Region 1 LF / MF band plan - Effective 01 June 2016<br /></h3>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Band limits</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>135.7 - 137.8</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">200</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW, QRSS, narrow band digital modes</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>472 - 475</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">200</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW, See NOTES</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>475 - 479</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">( # )</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW, Digimodes See NOTES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1810 – 1830</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">200</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1830 - 1838</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">200</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1836</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW QRP Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1838 - 1840</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1840 - 1843</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes (1)</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimodes</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1843 – 1850</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>1850 - 2000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">270</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes (1)</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<h3 style="text-align: left;">IARU Region 1 HF band plan - Effective 01 June 2016</h3>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>3500 - 3510</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">200</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Priority for intercontinental operation</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>3510 - 3560</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">200</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW contest preferred, 3555 kHz - CW QRS Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>3560 - 3570</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">200</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>3560</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW QRP Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>3570 - 3580</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">200</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimodes</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>3580 - 3590</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimodes</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>3590 - 3600</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimodes, automatically controlled data stations (unattended)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>3600 - 3620</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes (1)</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimodes, automatically controlled data stations (unattended)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>3600 - 3650</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes (1)</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">SSB contest preferred</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>3630</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digital Voice Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>3650 - 3700</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>3690</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">SSB QRP Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>3700 - 3775</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">SSB contest preferred</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>3735</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Image Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>3760</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">R1 Emergency Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>3775 - 3800</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">SSB contest preferred, Priority for intercontinental operation</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>5351.5 - 5354.0</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">200</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band modes, see NOTES</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>5354.0 - 5366.0</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">USB recommended for voice operation ( ## ) see NOTES</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>5366.0 - 5366.5</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">20</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Weak signal narrow band modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">see NOTES</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>7000 - 7040</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">200</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>7030</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW, QRP Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>7040 - 7047</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimodes</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>7047 - 7050</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimodes, automatically controlled data stations (unattended)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>7050 - 7053</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes (1)</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimodes, automatically controlled data stations (unattended)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>7053 - 7060</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimodes</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>7060 - 7100</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">SSB contest preferred</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>7070</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digital Voice Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>7090</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">SSB QRP Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>7100 - 7130</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>7110</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Region 1 Emergency Centre</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>7130 - 7175</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">SSB contest preferred</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>7165</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Image Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>7175 - 7200</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">SSB contest preferred, Priority for intercontinental Activity</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>10100 - 10130</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">200</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>10116</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW QRP Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>10130 - 10150</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimodes</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>14000 - 14060</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">200</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW contest preferred</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>14055</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">QRS Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>14060 - 14070</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">200</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>14060</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW QRP Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>14070 - 14089</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimodes</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>14089 - 14099</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimodes, automatically controlled data stations (unattended)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="20" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: Calibri;">14099 - 14101</span></i></b></td>
<td align="MIDDLE" colspan="3" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: Calibri;">International Beacon Project Beacons exclusively</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>14101 - 14112</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimodes, automatically controlled data stations (unattended)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>14112 - 14125</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>14125 - 14300</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">SSB contest preferred</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>14130</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digital Voice Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>14195</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">+/- 5 kHz - Priority for DX-peditions. Image Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>14285</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">SSB QRP Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>14300 - 14350</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="20" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: Calibri;">14300</span></i></b></td>
<td align="MIDDLE" colspan="3" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: Calibri;">Global Emergency Centre of Activity</span></b></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>18068 - 18095</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">200</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>18086</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW QRP Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>18095 - 18105</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimodes</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>18105 - 18109</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimodes, automatically controlled data stations (unattended)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="20" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: Calibri;">18109 - 18111</span></i></b></td>
<td align="MIDDLE" colspan="3" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: Calibri;">International Beacon Project Beacons exclusively</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>18111 - 18120</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimode, automatically controlled data stations (unattended)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>18120 - 18168</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>18130</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">SSB QRP Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>18150</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digital Voice Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>18160</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Emergency Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>21000 - 21070</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">200</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>21055</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">QRS Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>21060</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">QRP Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>21070 - 21090</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimodes</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>21090 - 21110</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimodes, automatically controlled data stations (unattended)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="50" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>21110 - 21120</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimodes, automatically controlled data stations (unattended), (not SSB)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>21120 - 21149</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="20" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: Calibri;">21149 - 21151</span></i></b></td>
<td align="MIDDLE" colspan="3" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: Calibri;">International Beacon Project Beacons exclusively</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>21151 - 21450</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>21180</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digital Voice Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>21285</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">SSB QRP Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>21340</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Image Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="20" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: Calibri;">21360</span></i></b></td>
<td align="MIDDLE" colspan="3" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: Calibri;">Global Emergency Centre of Activity</span></b></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>24890 - 24915</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">200</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>24906</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW QRP Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>24915 - 24925</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimodes</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>24925 - 24929</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimodes, automatically controlled data stations (unattended)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="20" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: Calibri;">24929 - 24931</span></i></b></td>
<td align="MIDDLE" colspan="3" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: Calibri;">International Beacon Project Beacons exclusively</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>24931 - 24940</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimodes, automatically controlled data stations (unattended)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>24940 - 24990</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>24950</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Centre of Activity SSB QRP</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>24960</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digital Voice Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 158px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 78px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 190px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 221px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #83caff;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>SubBand limits</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>BW</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Mode</b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b>Note</b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>28000 - 28070</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">200</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">CW</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>28055</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">QRS Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>28060</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">QRP Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>28070 - 28120</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimodes</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>28120 - 28150</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimodes, automatically controlled data stations (unattended)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>28150 - 28190</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">500</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Narrow band modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="20" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: Calibri;">28190 - 28199</span></i></b></td>
<td align="MIDDLE" colspan="3" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: Calibri;">International Beacon Project Regional time shared beacons. exclusively</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="20" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: Calibri;">28199 - 28201</span></i></b></td>
<td align="MIDDLE" colspan="3" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: Calibri;">International Beacon Project Worldwide time shared beacons. exclusively</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="20" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: Calibri;">28201 - 28225</span></i></b></td>
<td align="MIDDLE" colspan="3" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: Calibri;">International Beacon Project Continuous duty beacons. exclusively</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>28225 - 28300</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Beacons</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>28300 - 28320</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimodes, automatically controlled data stations (unattended)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>28320 - 29000</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">2700</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>28330</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digital Voice Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>28360</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">SSB QRP Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>28680</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Image Centre of Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>29000 - 29100</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">6000</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>29100 - 29200</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">6000</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM simplex - 10 kHz channels</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>29200 - 29300</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">6000</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Digimodes, automatically controlled data stations (unattended)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>29300 - 29510</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">6000</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">Satellite Links</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="20" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: Calibri;">29510 - 29520</span></i></b></td>
<td align="MIDDLE" colspan="3" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: Calibri;">Guard Channel</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>29520 - 29590</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">6000</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM-Repeater input (RH1 - RH8)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>29600</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">6000</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM Calling channel</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>29610</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">6000</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM Simplex-Repeater (parrot, input + output)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #33cc66;">
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>29620 - 29700</i></b></td>
<td align="CENTER" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">6000</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">All modes</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE">FM-Repeater output (RH1-RH8)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><h3 style="text-align: left;">DEFINITIONS</h3></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table border="0" cellspacing="1" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 247px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 340px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i>All modes</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">CW, Phone and those other modes listed as Centres of Activity, plus AM (consideration should then be given to adjacent channel users)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i>Narrow band modes</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">All modes using up to 500 Hz bandwidth, including CW, RTTY, PSK etc.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i>Digimodes</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Any digital mode within the appropriate bandwidth, e.g. RTTY, PSK, MT63 etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i>Image modes</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Any analogue or digital image modes within the appropriate bandwidth, e.g. SSTV, FAX</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><h3 style="text-align: left;">NOTES</h3>
<div style="text-align: left;"><u><i><b>The frequencies in the bandplan are understood as “transmitted frequencies” (not those of the suppressed carrier!)</b></i></u></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table border="0" cellspacing="1" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 247px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 340px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i>(1)</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Lowest dial setting for LSB Voice mode: 1843, 3603, 7053 kHz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" valign="TOP"><b><i>( # )</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">maximum bandwidth not specified, 500 Hz suggested</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i>( ## )</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Highest dial setting for USB Voice mode on the 60m band: 5363 kHz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i>CW</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">CW QSOs are accepted across all bands, except within beacon segments. (DV05_C4_Rec_13)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="66" valign="TOP"><b><i>Sideband usage</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Sideband Usage: Below 10 MHz lower sideband (LSB) is recommended, and above 10 MHz use upper sideband (USB). The exception to this is on the 5 MHz band where USB is recommended.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="50" valign="TOP"><b><i>AM</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Amplitude modulation (AM) may be used in the telephony sub-bands providing consideration is given to adjacent channel users. (NRRL Davos 05).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="66" valign="TOP"><b><i>OUT OF BAND:</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">To prevent any out of band transmission the maximum dial setting for USB (upper sideband) Voice mode should be 3 kHz below upper band edge on bands 20m to 10m.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i>630m band - 472 - 479 kHz:</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Details shown in band plan above should be understood as "proposed usage" (VA14_C4_Rec_02)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="50" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">If a frequency is to be selected, particular attention must be paid to still existing Non Directional Beacons (NDB) of the radionavigaton service!</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i>60m band - 5351.5 - 5366.5 kHz</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Details shown in band plan above should be understood as "proposed usage" (LA17_C4_REC_02)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="50" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">It is strongly recommended that frequencies within WRC-15 allocation only be used if there are no other frequencies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">available at 5 MHz under domestic (ITU-R article 4.4) permissions.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="50" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Local nets and long rag chew QSOS should not use the WRC-15 allocation at 5 MHz but should instead make use</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">of the 3.5 MHz, 5 MHz domestic, or 7 MHz bands where there is more spectrum available.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i>Contests</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Contest activity shall not take place on the 5, 10, 18 and 24 MHz bands.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="50" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Non-contesting radio amateurs are recommended to use the contest-free HF bands (30, 17 and 12m) during the</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">largest international contests. (DV05_C4_Rec_07)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="50" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Member societies are encouraged to publish contest operating segments clearly in the rules of their contest and</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">that those segments are considered with due respect to the IARU band plans. (Rec SC11_C4_02).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">The CW contest-preferred segment from 7000-7025 kHz has been withdrawn from the Region 1 band plan.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="50" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Societies should (therefore) encourage contest organisers to include a rule that restricts contest activity to a limited</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="50" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">frequency range within the CW allocation. The choice of the frequency segment is left to the disccretion of the</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">contest organisers, but should take into account expected activity levels and show consideration for</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">non-contest operation. (SC11_C4_Rec_05).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i>Unmanned transmitting stations</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">The term “automatically controlled data stations” includes Store and Forward stations.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="50" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Member Societies are reminded of the recommendation in the IARU Region 1 HF Band Plan ‘that any unmanned transmitting stations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="50" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">on HF shall only be activated under operator control, except for beacons agreed with the IARU Region 1 Beacon Coordinator’.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="50" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Unmanned transmitting stations, and operation involving unmanned transmitting stations, must adhere to the frequency and</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">bandwidth limits of the band plan.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="50" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">The operator connecting to an automatically controlled unmanned transmitting station is responsible for not causing interference.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">This is particularly important in the 30 meter band where the amateur service only has secondary status.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="50" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Amateur radio operators may transmit messages via unmanned transmitting stations during coordinated emergency,</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="50" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">and disaster preparedness exercises, limited to the duration of such exercises, using a bandwidth not exceeding 2 700 Hz.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="50" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Such communication should be announced regularly on the frequency, and radio amateurs not participating in the communication</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">should cooperate by not transmitting on the frequency. (VA14_C4_Rec_06)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="50" valign="TOP"><b><i>Remote controlled operation on HF</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Remote controlled operation is defined to mean operation where a licensed operator controls an amateur radio station from</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">a remote control terminal.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Where a station is operated remotely, the following conditions shall apply:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="50" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Remote operation must be permitted, or not objected to, by the Regulatory Authority of the country where the station is located.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="50" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">1. The call sign to be used should be the call sign issued by the Regulatory Authority of the country in which the station is located.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">This applies irrespective of the location of the operator.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="50" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">2. It should be noted that the CEPT T/R 61-01 agreement only applies to people using their own call sign, with the appropriate country prefix,</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">when the operator is actually vising that country, not for operation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="50" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">3. Any further requirements regardingthe participationof remotely controlled stations in contests or award programms are a matter for</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="34" valign="TOP"><b><i><br /></i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">the various contests or award program organisers. (SC11_C4_REC_07) , (VA14_C4_REC_04)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<p><i><b>73 de Andy IV3ONZ</b></i><br /><br /></p>
<h3>Link utili e bibliografia:<br /></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.mise.gov.it/index.php/it/comunicazioni/radio/pnrf-piano-nazionale-di-ripartizione-delle-frequenze" target="_blank">Piano Nazionale di Ripartizione delle Frequenze</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.iaru-r1.org/reference/band-plans/" target="_blank">IARU Band Plans</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docdb.cept.org/download/2ca5fcbd-4090/ERCREP025.pdf" target="_blank">THE EUROPEAN TABLE OF FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND APPLICATIONS IN THE FREQUENCY RANGE 8.3 kHz to 3000 GHz (ECA TABLE) Approved March 2019</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-R/terrestrial/fmd/Pages/frequency-plans.aspx" target="_blank">ITU Frequency Plans </a></li>
</ul>
</div>
IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6131487507049857417.post-83723660540266228702020-12-09T22:29:00.007+01:002020-12-19T10:23:30.538+01:00Abbreviazioni in uso radiantistico<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-S0IoP6DAgRk/X9FBgh9kwGI/AAAAAAAAcAw/PuEpu00lZOEjnqj7zGYbC0PnB7-J9OQDACPcBGAsYHg/s1083/2020-12-09%2B22.27.00.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="668" data-original-width="1083" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-S0IoP6DAgRk/X9FBgh9kwGI/AAAAAAAAcAw/PuEpu00lZOEjnqj7zGYbC0PnB7-J9OQDACPcBGAsYHg/s320/2020-12-09%2B22.27.00.jpg" width="320"/></a>
</div>
<p>Nelle comunicazioni radio digitali, ed un tempo soprattutto in quelle telegrafiche, si usano spesso abbreviazioni delle parole più comuni.</p>
<p>E' un metodo, assieme al codice Q ed alla codifica numerica (ora in disuso, a parte il "73" e pochi altri), per rendere breve e soprattutto comprensibile una trasmissione.</p>
<p>Oltre alle definizioni standard, ve ne sono altre nate soprattutto tra i Radio Amatori, e di uso comune oggi.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><span style="font-size: medium;">Questo è l'<u><b>elenco ufficiale ITU</b></u> delle abbreviazioni in uso radiantistico.</span></p>
<table cellspacing="1" cols="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 100px;">
<col span="1" style="width: 518px;">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE" width="100"><b><i>AA</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP" width="518">All after … (used after a question mark in radiotelegraphy or after RQ in radiotelephony (in case of language difficulties) or after RPT, to request a repetition).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>AB</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">All before … (used after a question mark in radiotelegraphy or after RQ in radiotelephony (in case of language difficulties) or after RPT, to request a repetition).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>ADS</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Address (used after a question mark in radiotelegraphy or after RQ in radiotelephony (in case of language difficulties) or after RPT, to request a repetition).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>AR</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">End of transmission.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>AS</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Waiting period.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>BK</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Signal used to interrupt a transmission in progress.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>BN</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">All between … and … (used after a question mark in radiotelegraphy or after RQ in radiotelephony (in case of language difficulties) or after RPT, to request a repetition).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>BQ</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">A reply to an RQ.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>BT</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Signal to mark the separation between different parts of the same transmission.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>C</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Yes or “The significance of the previous group should be read in the affirmative”.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>CFM</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Confirm (or I confirm).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>CL</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">I am closing my station.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>COL</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Collate (or I collate).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>CORRECTION</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Cancel my last word or group. The correct word or group follows (used in radiotelephony, spoken as KOR-REK-SHUN).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>CP</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">General call to two or more specified stations (see Recommendation ITU-R M.1170).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>CQ</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">General call to all stations.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>CS</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Call sign (used to request a call sign).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>DE</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">“From …” (used to precede the name or other identification of the calling station).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>DF</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Your bearing at … hours was … degrees, in the doubtful sector of this station, with a possible error of … degrees.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>DO</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Bearing doubtful. Ask for another bearing later (or at … hours).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>DSC</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Digital selective calling.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>E</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">East (cardinal point).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>ETA</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Estimated time of arrival.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>INTERCO</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">International Code of Signals groups follow (used in radiotelephony, spoken as IN-TER-CO).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>K</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Invitation to transmit.<br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>KA</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Starting signal.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>KTS</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Nautical miles per hour (knots).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>MIN</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Minute (or Minutes).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>MSG</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Prefix indicating a message to or from the master of a ship concerning its operation or navigation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>MSI</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Maritime safety information.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>N</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">North (cardinal point).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>NBDP</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>NIL</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">I have nothing to send to you.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>NO</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">No (negative).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>NW</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Now.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>NX</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Notice to Mariners (or Notice to Mariners follows).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>OK</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">We agree (or It is correct).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>OL</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Ocean letter.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>P</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Prefix indicating a private radiotelegram.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>PBL</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Preamble (used after a question mark in radiotelegraphy or after RQ in radiotelephony (in case of language difficulties) or after RPT, to request a repetition).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>PSE</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Please.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>R</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Received.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>RCC</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Rescue coordination centre.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>REF</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Reference to … (or Refer to …).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>RPT</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Repeat (or I repeat) (or Repeat …).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>RQ</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Indication of a request.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>S</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">South (cardinal point).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>SAR</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Search and Rescue.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>SIG</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Signature (used after a question mark in radiotelegraphy or after RQ in radiotelephony (in case of language difficulties) or after RPT, to request a repetition).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>SLT</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Radiomaritime Letter.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>SVC</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Prefix indicating a service telegram.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>SYS</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Refer to your service telegram.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>TFC</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Traffic.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>TR</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Used by a land station to request the position and next port of call of a mobile station; used also as a prefix to the reply.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>TU</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Thank you.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>TXT</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Text (used after a question mark in radiotelegraphy or after RQ in radiotelephony (in case of language difficulties) or after RPT, to request a repetition).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>VA</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">End of work.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>W</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">West (cardinal point).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>WA</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Word after … (used after a question mark in radiotelegraphy or after</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>RQ</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">In radiotelephony (in case of language difficulties) or after RPT, to request a repetition).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="34" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>WB</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Word before … (used after a question mark in radiotelegraphy or after RQ in radiotelephony (in case of language difficulties) or after RPT, to request a repetition).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>WD</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Word(s) or Group(s).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>WX</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Weather report (or Weather report follows).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>XQ</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Prefix used to indicate the transmission of a service note.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="MIDDLE"><b><i>YZ</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">The words which follow are in plain language.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p><span style="font-size: medium;">Questo è una estensione dell'elenco, non standardizzata, ma usata <b>correntemente</b>:</span></p>
<div>
<table cellspacing="1" cols="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 100px;">
<col span="1" style="width: 518px;">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>AGN</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">Again </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>CK</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">Check </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="17" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>CU</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">See You</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="17" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>CUAGN</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">See You Again</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>DX</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">Distance X, foreign countries</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>FM</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">From </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>FWD</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">Forward </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>GA</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">Good Afternoon </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>GE</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">Good Evening </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>GH</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">Good Healt </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>GL</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">Good Luck </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>GM</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">Good Morning </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>II</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">I say again </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>KN</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">Over to you; only the station named should respond</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>LID</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">Poor operator (Licensed IDiot)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>NR</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">Number Follows</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>PX</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">Prefix</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>RST</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">Signal report format</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>SFR</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">So far </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>SK</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">End of contact </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>SK</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">Silent Key (a deceased radio amateur) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>TEST</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">Contest </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>TNX</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">Thank You </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>Z</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">Zulu time, UTC </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>73</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">Best Regards</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;"><b><i>88</i></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">Love and kisses</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<i><b>73 de Andy IV3ONZ</b></i>
<br />
<br />
<h3>Link utili e bibliografia</h3>
<br />
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/m/R-REC-M.1172-0-199510-I!!PDF-E.pdf" target="_blank">RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.1172*</a></li>
<li><i>F. Clemente, M. V. de Regny, A. Groppazzi, </i>"Vademecum della radio", Divisione C.E.L.I. Gruppo Editoriale Faenza Editrice 1995</li>
</ul>IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6131487507049857417.post-70148397545551223792020-12-02T22:10:00.008+01:002020-12-02T22:21:48.399+01:00Il Codice Q<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nLQoRuoIDOU/X8f8gXh75AI/AAAAAAAAb8s/UrJ0GtRtrq8UHPRkXN3kKzv_4hGH987XwCPcBGAsYHg/s3264/20200919_083341.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="150" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nLQoRuoIDOU/X8f8gXh75AI/AAAAAAAAb8s/UrJ0GtRtrq8UHPRkXN3kKzv_4hGH987XwCPcBGAsYHg/w200-h150/20200919_083341.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>Un tempo, quando si usava molto più spesso la telegrafia, si sostituivano al posto delle frasi delle abbreviazioni letterali e numeriche.<br /><br />Il problema principale di una trasmissione telegrafica è il tempo di trasmissione del messaggio: <i>deve essere il più breve possibile</i>.<br /><br />Altro problema è la possibilità che disturbi alla propagazione e rumore rendano non comprensibile un lungo messaggio.<p></p><p></p><p>Secondo la raccomandazione <i><b>ITU RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.1172*</b></i> (<i>Miscellaneous abbreviations and signals to be used in radiotelegraphy communications in the maritime mobile service</i>) sono state codificate delle abbreviazioni formate da tre lettere ed inizianti per Q.<br /></p><div style="text-align: left;"><u><b>L'uso del codice Q è sancito dal MISE nel Regolamento delle Radiocomunicazioni, Appendice 13 sezione 1.</b></u></div><div style="text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;">Questo codice è tutt'ora in uso dai Radioamatori, specialmente nelle
comunicazioni digitali. Nelle comunicazioni in fonia andrebbe per quanto
possibile evitato. Si possono tuttavia usare alcuni codici, diventati
ormai di uso comune.</p></div><div style="text-align: left;">Oltre al codice Q, vengono usati anche parte del codice <i>Western Union 92</i>, una codifica del rapporto di ricezione (RS, RST, RSQ, SINFO) ed una serie di abbreviazioni di carattere internazionale. Questi argomenti verranno trattati successivamente.<br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;">Ogni codifica vale come <b>domanda </b>o <b>affermazione</b>.<br /></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>I codici da QAA a QNZ sono usati in ambito aeronautico.</li><li>I codici da QOA a QQZ sono usati in ambito marittimo.</li><li>I codici da QRA a QUZ sono utilizzati per tutti i tipi di trasmissione, ed usati dai Radioamatori.</li></ul><br /><h3 style="text-align: left;">Elenco delle abbreviazioni più comuni</h3><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QRA </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Qual è il nome della tua stazione?</i></span><br /> R: Il mio nominativo è...<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QRB </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: A che distanza approssimativa ti trovi dalla mia stazione?</i></span><br /> R: La distanza tra la mia stazione e la tua è di circa... km.<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QRG </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Qual è la mia frequenza esatta (o la frequenza di...)?</i></span><br /> R: La tua frequenza esatta (o quella di...) è... kHz (o MHz).<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QRH </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: La mia frequenza varia?</i></span><br /> R: La tua frequenza varia.<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QRI </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Qual è la tonalità della mia emissione?</i></span><br /> R: La tua tonalità è... .</div><div style="text-align: left;"><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QRK </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Qual è la comprensibilità dei miei segnali (o dei segnali di...)?</i></span><br /> R: La comprensibilità dei tuoi segnali (o quelli di...) è...<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QRL <span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i> </i></span></b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Sei occupato?</i></span><br /> R: Sono occupato, questa frequenza è occupata.<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QRM </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Sei disturbato da emittenti limitrofe (interferenze)?</i></span><br /> R: Sono disturbato da interferenze.<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QRN </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Sei disturbato da disturbi atmosferici?</i></span><br /> R: Sono disturbato da disturbi atmosferici.<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QRO </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Devo aumentare la potenza di emissione?</i></span><br /> R: Aumenta(o) la potenza di trasmissione.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QRP </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Devo diminuire la potenza di emissione?</i></span><br /> R: Diminuisci(o) la potenza di trasmissione.<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QRQ </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Devo trasmettere più in fretta?</i></span><br /> R: Aumenta la velocità di trasmissione.<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QRS </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Devo trasmettere più adagio?</i></span><br /> R: Trasmetti più adagio.<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QRT </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Devo sospendere la trasmissione?</i></span><br /> R: Chiudi(o) le trasmissioni.<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QRU </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Hai qualcosa per me?</i></span><br /> R: Non ho niente da comunicare.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QRV </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Sei pronto (a trasmettere)?</i></span><br /> R: Sono pronto (a trasmettere).<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QRW </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Devo avvisare... che lo chiamerai su... kHz (o MHz)?</i></span><br /> R: Avvisa... che lo chiamerò su... kHz (o MHz).<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QRX <span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i> </i></span></b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Resti in attesa?</i></span><br /> R: Sono in attesa.<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QRZ </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Chi mi chiama?</i></span><br /> R: Sei chiamato da... (su... kHz (o MHz)).<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QSA </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Qual è la forza dei miei segnali (o dei segnali di...)?</i></span><br /> R: La forza dei tuoi segnali (o di quelli di...) è... .</div><div style="text-align: left;"><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QSB </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: La forza dei miei segnali varia?</i></span><br /> R: La forza dei tuoi segnali varia.<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QSD </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: La mia manipolazione è difettosa?</i></span><br /> R: La tua manipolazione è difettosa.<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QSK </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Mi senti? In caso affermativo posso interromperti?</i></span><br /> R: Ti sento, parla pure.<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QSL </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Puoi mandarmi la ricevuta?</i></span><br /> R: Confermo, ricevuto.<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QSZ </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Devo ripetere l'ultimo messaggio (o un messaggio precedente)?</i></span><br /> R: Ripeti(o) l'ultimo messaggio (o il messaggio...).</div><div style="text-align: left;"><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QSO </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Puoi comunicare con...?</i></span><br /> R: Posso comunicare con... (tramite...) o collegamento.<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QSP </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Puoi ritrasmettere a...?</i></span><br /> R: Avverti... della mia presenza, passa a... questo QTC.<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QSS </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Quale frequenza di lavoro userai?</i></span><br /> R: Userò la frequenza... kHz (o MHz).<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QSU </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Devo trasmettere o rispondere sulla frequenza attuale (o su... kHz)?</i></span><br /> R: Trasmetterò sulla solita frequenza (o su... kHz (o MHz)).</div><div style="text-align: left;"><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QSX </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Vuoi stare in ascolto di... su... kHz (o MHz)?</i></span><br /> R: Resto in ascolto di... su... kHz (o MHz).<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QSY </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Devo passare a trasmettere su un'altra frequenza?</i></span><br /> R: Cambio frequenza (e vai su... kHz (o MHz)).<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QTC </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Quanti messaggi hai da trasmettere?</i></span><br /> R: Messaggio, ho un messaggio da trasmettere (o... messaggi).<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QTH </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Qual è la tua posizione (latitudine e longitudine o...)?</i></span><br /> R: La mia posizione è...<br /><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>QTR </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>D: Qual è l'ora esatta?</i></span><br /> R: L'ora esatta è...</div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;"><i><b>73 de Andy IV3ONZ</b></i><br />
<br />
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Link utili e bibliografia:<br />
</h3>
<ul><li><a href="https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-M.1172-0-199510-I/en">ITU RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.1172*</a></li><li><i>F. Clemente, M. V. de Regny, A. Groppazzi, </i>"Vademecum della radio", Divisione C.E.L.I. Gruppo Editoriale Faenza Editrice 1995<br /></li></ul></div>IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6131487507049857417.post-58658492177125624832020-11-17T21:42:00.011+01:002020-12-05T00:36:36.186+01:00Designazione ITU delle emissioni radio<div>
<p> </p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KVNIGCLMmTY/X7QWviKhymI/AAAAAAAAb14/u656m0JY5yIKKBTtDW75SzpFKaEjvmYIwCPcBGAsYHg/s3264/20201117_191820.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="121" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KVNIGCLMmTY/X7QWviKhymI/AAAAAAAAb14/u656m0JY5yIKKBTtDW75SzpFKaEjvmYIwCPcBGAsYHg/w160-h121/20201117_191820.jpg" width="160" /></a>
</div>
Una trasmissione radio è caratterizzata da una modulazione, una occupazione di banda e da una frequenza di emissione.
<p></p>
<p>Questo deve essere preso in considerazione quando vogliamo ascoltare una trasmissione, oppure effettuare un collegamento radio.
Ed è importante che sia chi trasmette e chi riceve abbiano gli stessi parametri configurati sulla radio. Ad esempio: <br /></p><ul><li>Telegrafia: < 500 Hz</li><li>Modulazione di Ampiezza (Broadcasting): 9 kHz</li><li>Modulazione di Frequenza (Broadcasting): 250 kHz</li><li>Wi-Fi 802.11n: 40 MHz</li></ul>
<p>L'<b>ITU </b>(<i>International Telecommunication Union</i>, Unione Internazionale delle
Telecomunicazioni) ha emesso una specifica riguardo la codifica delle
emissioni radio, rispetto il modo e la banda occupata. </p>
<p></p>
<ul style="text-align: left;"></ul>
<p></p>
<p>
La codifica inizia con una serie di cifre e caratteri, al massimo 5,
rappresentante la larghezza di banda:
</p>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>2K5 → 2,5 kHz</li>
<li>300H0 → 300 Hz</li>
<li>1M5 → 1,5 MHz</li>
<li>1G0 → 1 GHz</li>
</ul>
<p>
La parte finale della codifica è una serie di 3, 4 o 5 caratteri
alfanumerici rappresentanti il modo di trasmissione:
</p>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><i>
il primo simbolo definisce il tipo di modulazione della portante
principale;
</i></li>
<li><i>
il secondo simbolo definisce la natura del segnale modulante la portante
principale;
</i></li>
<li><i>il terzo simbolo definisce il tipo di informazione trasmessa;</i></li>
<li><i>
il quarto e quinto carattere definiscono i dettagli dell'emissione ed il
multiplexing.
</i></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><h3 style="text-align: left;">Primo simbolo (tipo di modulazione della portante principale)
</h3>
<p style="text-align: left;"></p>
<div><p>
</p><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 65px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 585px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>N</td>
<td>emissione di un'onda non modulata (CW, continuous wave)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><b>- emissione, la cui portante principale è modulata in ampiezza (ivi compresi i casi in cui vi sono sottoportanti con modulazione angolare):</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A</td>
<td>doppia banda laterale (es. AM, telegrafia)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>H</td>
<td>banda laterale unica con portante completa (TV analogica)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>R</td>
<td>banda laterale unica con portante ridotta o di livello variabile</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>J</td>
<td>banda laterale unica con portante soppressa (SSB)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>B</td>
<td>bande laterali indipendenti</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C</td>
<td>banda laterale residua</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><b>- emissione la cui portante principale è modulata con modulazione angolare:</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>F</td>
<td>modulazione di frequenza (FM)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>G</td>
<td>modulazione di fase (PM)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>D</td>
<td>emissione la cui portante principale è modulata in ampiezza e in modulazione angolare, sia simultaneamente, sia con una sequenza prestabilita (QAM)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><b>- emissione ad impulsi:</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>P</td>
<td>treno d'impulsi non modulato</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>K</td>
<td>treno d'impulsi modulato in ampiezza</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>L</td>
<td>treno d'impulsi modulato in larghezza/durata</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>M</td>
<td>treno d'impulsi modulato in posizione/fase</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Q</td>
<td>treno d'impulsi nei quali l'onda portante è modulata in modulazione angolare durante il periodo dell'impulso</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>V</td>
<td>combinazione di casi precedenti o prodotto con altri mezzi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><b>- casi non previsti in precedenza, nei quali l'emissione si compone della portante principale modulata, sia simultaneamente, sia con una sequenza prestabilita, da una combinazione di modi seguenti:</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>W</td>
<td>in ampiezza, in modulazione angolare o ad impulsi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>X</td>
<td>altri casi </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div></div><div><h3 style="text-align: left;">Secondo simbolo (natura del segnale, o dei segnali, modulante la portante principale)
</h3>
<p style="text-align: left;"></p>
<div><p>
</p><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 65px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 585px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>0</td>
<td>assenza di segnale modulante</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>un solo canale contenente l'informazione quantificata o numerica, senza l'impiego di una sotto portante modulante</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>un solo canale contenente l'informazione quantificata o numerica, con l'impiego di una sotto portante modulante</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>un solo canale contenente l'informazione analogica</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7</td>
<td>due o più canali contenenti l'informazione quantificata o numerica</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>8</td>
<td>due o più canali contenenti l'informazione analogica</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>9</td>
<td>sistema composito con uno o più canali contenenti l'informazione quantificata o numerica e uno o più canali contenenti l'informazione analogica</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>X</td>
<td>altri casi</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><h3 style="text-align: left;">Terzo simbolo (tipo d'informazione da trasmettere)
</h3>
<p style="text-align: left;"></p>
<div><p>
</p><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 65px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 585px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>N</td>
<td>nessuna informazione</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A</td>
<td>telegrafia per ricezione auditiva</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>B</td>
<td>telegrafia per ricezione automatica</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C</td>
<td>fac-simile</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>D</td>
<td>trasmissione dati, telemisura, telecomando</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>E</td>
<td>telefonia (ivi compresa la radiodiffusione sonora)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>F</td>
<td>televisione (video)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>W</td>
<td>combinazione di casi precedenti</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>X</td>
<td>altri casi</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><h3 style="text-align: left;">Esempi:
</h3>
<p style="text-align: left;"></p>
<div><p>
</p><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cols="2" frame="VOID" rules="NONE">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 130px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 520px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>300H0A1A</td>
<td>telegrafia on/off senza modulazione (CW, Morse)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>9K0A3E</td>
<td>fonia in modulazione d'ampiezza, doppia banda laterale; (AM, broadcast)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5H0F1A</td>
<td>telegrafia (manipolazione con variazione di frequenza, QRSS)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>12K5F3E</td>
<td>fonia in modulazione di frequenza (portatili VHF e UHF)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2K7J3E</td>
<td>fonia in modulazione d'ampiezza, banda laterale singola, portante soppressa (SSB)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
<p><i><b>73 de Andy IV3ONZ</b></i><br /><br /></p>
<h3>Link utili e bibliografia:<br /></h3>
<ul><li><a href="https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-R/terrestrial/workshops/wrs12/Miscellaneous/Appendix1.pdf" target="_blank">ITU Radio Regulations - APPENDIX 1 (REV.WRC-12) Classification of emissions and necessary bandwidths</a><br /></li></ul></div></div></div></div>IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6131487507049857417.post-64870823806994385332020-11-08T21:16:00.011+01:002023-01-03T12:16:10.239+01:00Frequenze assegnate al Servizio di Radioamatore in Italia<h3 style="text-align: left;"><i>Il Piano Nazionale di Ripartizione delle Frequenze</i></h3>
<div style="text-align: left;">Viene qui di seguito riportato il Piano Nazionale di Ripartizione delle Frequenze, aggiornato al 5 ottobre 2018, data della sua pubblicazione sulla Gazzetta Ufficiale.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">La suddivisione in sottobande, dedicate ai vari modi e modulazioni, dipende da quanto stabilito di volta in volta dalla IARU; cercherò di pubblicarlo in un prossimo futuro.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">Le tabelle riportano la completa copertura, dalle onde lunghe alle microonde.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 160px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 90px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 97px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 304px;"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #0084d1;">
<td align="LEFT" colspan="4" height="21" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="TOP" width="651"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Onde Lunghe – LF (10 – 1 km; 30 – 300 kHz)</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #0084d1;">
<td align="LEFT" height="50" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Frequenze</span></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Banda</span></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Statuto</span></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Note</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="50" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">135,7-137,8 kHz </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">2200 metri</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Secondario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">La massima potenza isotropa equivalente irradiata (e.i.r.p.) dalle stazioni del servizio di radioamatore non può superare 1 W. </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 160px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 90px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 97px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 304px;"></col>
</colgroup> <tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #0084d1;">
<td align="LEFT" colspan="4" height="21" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="TOP" width="651"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Onde Medie – MF (1000 – 100 m; 300 – 3000 kHz)</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #0084d1;">
<td align="LEFT" height="21" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Frequenze</span></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Banda</span></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Statuto</span></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Note</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="66" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">472-479 kHz </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">630 metri</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Secondario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">La massima potenza equivalente irradiata (e.i.r.p.) dalle stazioni del servizio di radioamatore che impiegano frequenze nella banda 472-479 kHz non deve eccedere 1 W.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">1830-1850 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">160 metri</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Primario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 160px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 90px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 97px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 304px;"></col>
</colgroup> <tbody> <tr style="background-color: #0084d1;">
<td align="LEFT" colspan="4" height="21" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="TOP" width="651"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Onde Corte – HF (100 – 10 m; 3 – 30 MHz)</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #0084d1;">
<td align="LEFT" height="21" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Frequenze</span></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Banda</span></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Statuto</span></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Note</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">3500-3800 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">80 metri</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Secondario</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="66" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">5351,5-5366,5 kHz </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">60 metri</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Secondario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Le stazioni del servizio di radioamatore che utilizzano la banda di frequenze 5351,5-5366,5 kHz non devono superare la massima potenza isotropa equivalente irradiata di 15 W (e.i.r.p.). </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">7000-7200 kHz </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">40 metri</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Primario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">7000-7100 kHz anche via satellite</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">10100-10150 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">30 metri</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Secondario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">14000-14350 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">20 metri</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Primario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">14000-14250 anche via satellite</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">18068-18168 kHz </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">17 metri</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Primario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Anche via satellite</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">21000-21450 kHz </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">15 metri</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Primario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Anche via satellite</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">24890-24990 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">12 metri</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Primario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Anche via satellite</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">28000-29700 kHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">10 metri</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Primario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Anche via satellite</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 160px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 90px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 97px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 304px;"></col>
</colgroup> <tbody> <tr style="background-color: #0084d1;">
<td align="LEFT" colspan="4" height="21" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="TOP" width="651"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Onde Cortissime – VHF (10 – 1 m; 30 – 300 MHz)</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #0084d1;">
<td align="LEFT" height="21" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Frequenze</span></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Banda</span></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Statuto</span></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Note</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="82" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">50-52 MHz </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">6 metri</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Secondario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Frequenze della banda 50-52 MHz possono essere usate dal servizio di radioamatore con statuto di servizio secondario e sulla base del numero 4.4 del Regolamento delle radiocomunicazioni.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">144-146 MHz </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">2 metri</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Primario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Anche via satellite</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 160px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 90px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 97px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 304px;"></col>
</colgroup> <tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #0084d1;">
<td align="LEFT" colspan="4" height="21" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="TOP" width="651"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Onde Ultracorte – UHF (100 – 10 cm; 300 – 3000 MHz)</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #0084d1;">
<td align="LEFT" height="21" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Frequenze</span></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Banda</span></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Statuto</span></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Note</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">430-434 MHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">70 cm</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Secondario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" left="" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">435-436 MHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">70 cm</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Primario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Anche via satellite</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">436-438 MHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">70 cm</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Secondario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Solo satellite</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">1240-1245 MHz </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">24 cm</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Secondario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">1267-1270 MHz </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">24 cm</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Secondario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Anche via satellite</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">1270-1298 MHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">24 cm – L</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Secondario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">2300-2400 MHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">12 cm – S</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Secondario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="82" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">2400-2440 MHz (1)<br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">12 cm – S</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Secondario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Possono essere impiegate ad uso collettivo da apparati a corto raggio per dispositivi di radio determinazione, aventi le caratteristiche tecniche della raccomandazione CEPT ERC/REC 70-03 (Annesso 6).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">2440-2450 MHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">12 cm – S</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Secondario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Anche via satellite</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 160px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 90px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 97px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 304px;"></col>
</colgroup> <tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #0084d1;">
<td align="LEFT" colspan="4" height="21" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="TOP" width="651"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Microonde – SHF (10 – 1 cm; 3 – 30 Ghz)</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #0084d1;">
<td align="LEFT" height="21" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Frequenze</span></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Banda</span></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Statuto</span></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Note</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">5650-5670 MHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">6 cm – C</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Secondario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Anche via satellite</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="97" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">5760-5770 MHz </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">6 cm – C</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Primario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Nella banda di frequenze 5.760-5.770 MHz l'utilizzazione del servizio di radioamatore non gode di protezione nei confronti delle stazioni terrene trasmittenti del servizio fisso via satellite (T-s), operanti negli altri Paesi in accordo con il Regolamento delle radiocomunicazioni dell’UIT.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">5830-5850 MHz </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">6 cm – C</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Secondario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">10,30-10,50 GHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">3 cm – X</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Secondario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">10,45-10,50 anche via satellite</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">24,00-24,05 GHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">1,25 cm – K</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Primario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Anche via satellite</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<table cellspacing="1" cols="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;">
<colgroup>
<col span="1" style="width: 160px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 90px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 97px;"></col>
<col span="1" style="width: 304px;"></col>
</colgroup> <tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #0084d1;">
<td align="LEFT" colspan="4" height="21" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" valign="TOP" width="651"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Microonde – EHF (2) (10 – 1 mm; 30 – 300 Ghz)</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: #0084d1;">
<td align="LEFT" height="21" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Frequenze</span></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Banda</span></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Statuto</span></b></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: small;">Note</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">47,00-47,20 MHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">6 mm – V</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Primario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Anche via satellite</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">76,00-77,50 GHz </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">3 mm – W</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Secondario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Anche via satellite</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">77,50-78,00 GHz </td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">3 mm – W</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Primario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Anche via satellite</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">78,00-81,00 GHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">3 mm – W</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Secondario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Anche via satellite</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">122,25-123,00 GHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">2 mm</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Secondario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">134-136 GHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">2 mm</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Primario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Anche via satellite</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">136-141 GHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">2 mm</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Secondario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Anche via satellite</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">241-248 GHz</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">1,5 mm</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Secondario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Anche via satellite</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="LEFT" height="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">248-250 GHz (3)<br /></td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">1,5 mm</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Primario</td>
<td align="LEFT" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-style: solid; border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-width: 1px;" valign="TOP">Anche via satellite</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Note:</h3>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Da 2400 a 2440 convivono anche gli SRD Bluetooth e WiFi.</li>
<li>Le frequenze in banda EHF sono anche dette <i><b>mmWave</b></i>.</li><li>Oltre i 275 GHz le frequenze non sono attribuite; vi è permessa la libera sperimentazione.</li>
</ol>
<div>
<br /><br />
<i><b>73 de Andy IV3ONZ</b></i>
<br /><br />
<h3>Link utili e bibliografia</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.mise.gov.it/index.php/it/comunicazioni/radio/pnrf-piano-nazionale-di-ripartizione-delle-frequenze" target="_blank">Piano Nazionale di Ripartizione delle Frequenze</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.iaru-r1.org/reference/band-plans/" target="_blank">IARU Band Plans</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docdb.cept.org/download/2ca5fcbd-4090/ERCREP025.pdf" target="_blank">THE EUROPEAN TABLE OF FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND APPLICATIONS IN THE FREQUENCY RANGE 8.3 kHz to 3000 GHz (ECA TABLE) Approved March 2019</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-R/terrestrial/fmd/Pages/frequency-plans.aspx" target="_blank">ITU Frequency Plans </a></li>
</ul>
</div>
IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6131487507049857417.post-11270604398086340512020-08-01T17:04:00.008+02:002020-08-01T17:27:43.509+02:00Questione di intermodulazione<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BHSod4qxV74/XyVqRHDFCnI/AAAAAAAAaJs/4uFPfgG_Z9A_rF5dqSU0nXnhEVDg1mzGgCPcBGAsYHg/s2583/20200801_121324.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="2583" data-original-width="2448" height="210" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BHSod4qxV74/XyVqRHDFCnI/AAAAAAAAaJs/4uFPfgG_Z9A_rF5dqSU0nXnhEVDg1mzGgCPcBGAsYHg/w198-h210/20200801_121324.jpg" width="198" />
</a>
</div>
<p>
Tempo fa mi chiesi perchè, nei contest, vi è il divieto di trasmettere con più
radio sulla stessa banda.
</p>
<p>
La risposta più ovvia, a parte il possibile vantaggio rispetto alle altre
stazioni, è il blocking dei ricevitori in stazione durante l'ascolto, oltre
alla sicura intermodulazione con gli altri segnali ricevuti.
</p>
<p>Ma cosa succede ai trasmettitori?</p>
<br />
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">Intermodulazione</h2>
<p>
Il fenomeno dell'intermodulazione è dovuto alla moltiplicazione fra due
segnali a frequenza prossima in un circuito non lineare, quale un oscillatore
o un amplificatore, avente almeno un componente attivo.
</p>
<p>
Il prodotto è la presenza di componenti di frequenza somma e differenza di
questi segnali, di ampiezza minore, ma che contribuiscono all'energia
irradiata dal trasmettitore andandolo a saturare.
</p>
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">Lo stadio di uscita</h2>
<p>
In un trasmettitore, il segnale prodotto dal modulatore deve poi essere
amplificato per essere trasmesso da un'antenna. Questo segnale è alla stessa
frequenza del segnale irradiato, ovviamente.
</p>
<p>
Tra l'amplificatore e l'antenna troviamo il fitro di banda, generalmente un
filtro passa-basso che funge anche da accordo.
</p>
<p>
Ma cosa succede se per caso, oltre al segnale del modulatore, troviamo anche
un segnale estraneo a frequenza prossima?
</p>
<p>
Andremo quasi sicuramente a saturare l'amplificatore, producendo spurie non
volute. Tutto ciò che è oltre al filtro passa-basso verrà attenuato ed
eliminato.
</p>
<p>
Ma quello che si trova in prossimità della frequenza di lavoro uscirà in
antenna.
</p>
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">Un test pratico</h2>
<p>
Supponiamo di trovarci ad operare in prossimità di una stazione, operante su
una frequenza vicina alla nostra. In questa prova ho usato due radio, quella
di stazione, una ICOM IC-2820 su 144.9 MHz, con 15 W irradiati da una Hoxin
MA-2000 sul tetto, ed un portatile Polmar DB32, operante su 145.8 MHz con 5 W
nel suo gommino.
</p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4mdgZdpFYZg/XyVu0PeYxXI/AAAAAAAAaJ8/faOFYg0sqi0OQWIA4E3unn8QXlw4YFJ_ACPcBGAsYHg/s3264/20200801_115819.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="197" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4mdgZdpFYZg/XyVu0PeYxXI/AAAAAAAAaJ8/faOFYg0sqi0OQWIA4E3unn8QXlw4YFJ_ACPcBGAsYHg/w262-h197/20200801_115819.jpg" width="262" /></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-w-CHp3BJzqY/XyVu0PI5DgI/AAAAAAAAaJ8/zn3G5dlJxBsNeWpG_NHpGNi-TSt-k8ffQCPcBGAsYHg/s3264/20200801_115851.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3264" data-original-width="2448" height="262" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-w-CHp3BJzqY/XyVu0PI5DgI/AAAAAAAAaJ8/zn3G5dlJxBsNeWpG_NHpGNi-TSt-k8ffQCPcBGAsYHg/w197-h262/20200801_115851.jpg" width="197" /></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4mdgZdpFYZg/XyVu0PeYxXI/AAAAAAAAaJ8/faOFYg0sqi0OQWIA4E3unn8QXlw4YFJ_ACPcBGAsYHg/s3264/20200801_115819.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4mdgZdpFYZg/XyVu0PeYxXI/AAAAAAAAaJ8/faOFYg0sqi0OQWIA4E3unn8QXlw4YFJ_ACPcBGAsYHg/s3264/20200801_115819.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>
</div>
<br />
<p>
Il tutto ricevuto dall'analizzatore di spettro a 3 metri di distanza, con un
gommino bi-banda.
</p>
<p>
L'analizzatore riceve su una banda di 10 MHz, con un centro banda di 145 MHz.
Questo il solo segnale, non modulato, dell'Icom:
</p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UsWJnyejEGc/XyVvmY_fjxI/AAAAAAAAaKI/-v2O1F_efGsZzXzfgQZSYiM8les1-kofQCPcBGAsYHg/s640/IC2820_144.9MHz.BMP" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="384" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UsWJnyejEGc/XyVvmY_fjxI/AAAAAAAAaKI/-v2O1F_efGsZzXzfgQZSYiM8les1-kofQCPcBGAsYHg/w512-h384/IC2820_144.9MHz.BMP" width="512" /></a>
</div>
<p>E questo il segnale ricevuto dal solo Polmar:</p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DaM8ywzR4-s/XyVv0gL-8wI/AAAAAAAAaKM/tmze6SVHkI0jCySwk-quE9ZXYPiUi6QigCPcBGAsYHg/s640/DB32_145.8MHz.BMP" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="384" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DaM8ywzR4-s/XyVv0gL-8wI/AAAAAAAAaKM/tmze6SVHkI0jCySwk-quE9ZXYPiUi6QigCPcBGAsYHg/w512-h384/DB32_145.8MHz.BMP" width="512" /></a>
</div>
<p>
La differenza tra i segnali è dovuta non solo alle potenze irradiate diverse,
ma anche dalla distanza e posizione relativa delle due antenne.
</p>
<p>Ora, trasmettiamo insieme senza modulare:</p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4PxyLGQ2mfw/XyVweUahKJI/AAAAAAAAaKY/pM_hNvnNaowHGo07YQpqzsjQWq0RxauFQCPcBGAsYHg/s640/Intermod.BMP" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="384" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4PxyLGQ2mfw/XyVweUahKJI/AAAAAAAAaKY/pM_hNvnNaowHGo07YQpqzsjQWq0RxauFQCPcBGAsYHg/w512-h384/Intermod.BMP" width="512" /></a>
</div>
<p>Senza molte sorprese, noto subito due fenomeni.</p>
<p>
Il primo, l'ampiezza della portante del Polmar è aumentata. Trasmetteva con
più potenza? No.
</p>
<p>
Il secondo, sono sorte due spurie, una a 144 MHz ed una a 146,7 MHz. Il
segnale che si vede a 141.5 MHz non è dovuto a questo esperimento.
</p>
<p>
Non sono a livelli preoccupanti, si trovano a -65 dBc e -64 dBc dalla portante
dell'Icom, e sarebbero a -50 dBc e -49 dBc dalla portante del Polmar. Che sono
ben al di sotto dei -43 dBc richiesti dalla normativa, ovvero sotto i -13 dBm
(50 μW...)
</p>
<p>
Ma l'incremento di 5 dB della portante del Polmar mi fa pensare che
un'eventuale modulazione non arrivi correttamente, se non coperta (<span class="st">effetto cattura</span>) dalla trasmissione dell'Icom, presente in frequenza come prodotto di
intermodulazione.
</p>
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">Trasmettiamo uno alla volta</h2>
<p>
Grazie alla schermatura di queste radio, i fenomeni di intermodulazione non
creano particolari fastidi, se non al trasmettitore meno potente.
</p>
<p>
Ci fosse invece un apparato costruito senza criteri di schermatura, allora
basterebbe poco per creare problemi fuori banda.
</p>
<p>
Particolare attenzione dovrebbe prestare chi, oltre ad avere in funzione la
normale radio VHF in stazione, tiene attivo anche l'APRS.
</p>
<p>
Sarebbe bene, per quest'ultimo, trasmettere solo se si opera in UHF oppure
solo se si riceve in VHF. Non a caso ho scelto quei due valori di frequenza,
vicini alle stazioni Packet e ponti digitali e ai ponti analogici.
</p>
<p>
<i><b>73 de Andy IV3ONZ</b></i>
<br />
<br />
</p>
<h3>Link utili e bibliografia:</h3>
<ul>
<li>
<div style="font-family: sans-serif; left: 586.717px; top: 90.6606px;">
<font size="3">REPORT ITU-R SM.2021:<a href="https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/opb/rep/R-REP-SM.2021-2000-PDF-E.pdf" target="_blank">
PRODUCTION AND MITIGATION OF INTERMODULATION PRODUCTS IN THE
TRANSMITTER</a></font>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="font-family: sans-serif; left: 1222.12px; top: 131.98px; transform: scaleX(1.00045);">
<font size="3">Final draft ETSI EG 203 367V1.1.0 (2016-03):<a href="https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_eg/203300_203399/203367/01.01.00_50/eg_203367v010100m.pdf" target="_blank">
Guide to the application of harmonised standards covering articles
3.1b and 3.2 of th e Directive 2014/53/EU (RED) to multi-radio and
combined radio and non-radio equipment
</a></font><br />
</div>
</li>
</ul>
IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6131487507049857417.post-66683109620023017972020-07-25T16:36:00.000+02:002023-02-12T10:24:15.738+01:00Problemi con WSJT-X 2.2.2<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hrqLWJf9Xjs/Xxw5DeSwxUI/AAAAAAAAaDE/YJBMksYXT74d1HGjSIR9yKE9juHk5z-TQCPcBGAsYHg/s1600/IMG_20181115_165836943_HDR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="150" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hrqLWJf9Xjs/Xxw5DeSwxUI/AAAAAAAAaDE/YJBMksYXT74d1HGjSIR9yKE9juHk5z-TQCPcBGAsYHg/s200/IMG_20181115_165836943_HDR.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
E' disponibile dal 22 giugno il nuovo aggiornamento di WSJT-X, oramai alla versione 2.2.2. Io personalmente lo uso con Windows e con Linux.<br />
<br />
In quest'ultima piattaforma, un Linux Antix installato su un vecchio IBM Thinkpad R40, la versione dalla 2.2.x crea non pochi problemi con la radio Yaesu FT-817ND.<br />
<br />
Andando in trasmissione, restituisce l'errore "<i>Rig Control Error Hamlib error: Invalid parameter while getting current VFO frequency</i>".<br />
<br />
Con la versione precedente, la 2.1.2 tutto funzionava a dovere. Con FLdigi funziona, con il comando rigctld pure.<br />
<br />
Come prima cosa, verifico se le Hamlib installate funzionano. Con il comando<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><b>rigctl -m 120 -r /dev/ttyUSB0 -s 4800 f m t</b></i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
il terminale mi risponde con</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><b>50318000</b></i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><b>PKTUSB</b></i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><b>0</b></i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><b>0</b></i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />e fin qui è tutto in ordine. Purtroppo WSJT-X usa un suo package di librerie Hamlib, ed ho il vago sospetto che abbiano combinato qualche guaio con la gestione dei comandi. Provo a testarle con il comando</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><b>rigctl-wsjtx -m 120 -r /dev/ttyUSB0 -s 4800 f m t</b></i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
il terminale mi risponde con</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><i>Unknown rig num 120, or inizialization error, Please check with --list option</i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Ecco, non riconosce più la radio. Con l'opzione --list visualizzo l'elenco dei transceiver supportati. Lo trovo al numero 1020. Ritento con questo numero, ma l'errore ora è sulla lettura della frequenza.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Cercando se qualcuno ha avuto questo problema, trovo solo vaghe risposte, per lo più riguardo alla configurazione della porta USB, alla versione di Linux, al rientro di radio frequenza e altre cose senza senso.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Ho solo aggiornato il software, non ho cambiato null'altro!</div>
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<br /></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
La soluzione...</h3>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Dopo un mese, ritento. Trovo un post, su wsjtx.groups.io, che parla proprio di questo problema. La soluzione è semplice:</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
"<i>Revert back to earlier version, all fine.</i>"</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Riscarico la vecchia versione di WSJT-X, la trovo su SourceForge al link <a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/wsjt/files/" target="_blank">https://sourceforge.net/projects/wsjt/files/</a>; reinstallo il tutto ed adesso funziona.</div>
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<br /></div>
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A quanto sembra, è un bug ora noto. Verrà sistemato, si spera, con la prossima release del programma.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
<i><b>73 de Andy IV3ONZ</b></i><br />
<br />
<br />
</div>
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Link utili e bibliografia:</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://physics.princeton.edu/pulsar/K1JT/wsjtx.html" target="_blank">WSJT-X</a></li>
</ul>
IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6131487507049857417.post-89874253132604599742020-07-22T00:10:00.002+02:002020-07-22T00:17:57.436+02:00Apparati radio ed armoniche<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NfB23tAxFG0/W-W9RrhPMNI/AAAAAAAAV0A/50DU5RM5HN8ikhxNoVF6uiM4NXrzlxjWgCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/20181109_175940.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="150" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NfB23tAxFG0/W-W9RrhPMNI/AAAAAAAAV0A/50DU5RM5HN8ikhxNoVF6uiM4NXrzlxjWgCPcBGAYYCw/s200/20181109_175940.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
In questi ultimi tempi, vedo un proliferare tra noi Radio Amatori un certo numero di apparati ricetrasmittenti <i>low cost</i>, provenienti da mercati orientali.<br />
<br />
Niente da obiettare; noi, in quanto Radio Amatori, dovremmo essere in grado di utilizzare correttamente questi apparati, se non altro conoscendone i limiti tecnici.<br />
<br />
<br />
Spesso però questi limiti non sono noti. Colleghiamo la radio ad un wattmetro e ad un carico fittizio e ne misuriamo la potenza. Tutto regolare? Spesso no.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Cosa dice la normativa italiana.</h3>
<br />
Il Codice delle Comunicazioni ci permette di usare un ricetrasmettitore qualsiasi, anche non sottoposto ad omologazioni, purchè.<br />
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<i>"<b>Art. 12 Norme d'esercizio</b></i></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<i>1. L'esercizio della stazione di
radioamatore deve essere svolto in conformità delle norme legislative
e regolamentari vigenti e con l'osservanza delle prescrizioni
contenute nel Regolamento internazionale delle radiocomunicazioni.
</i></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><i>Art. 15 Limiti di potenza</i></b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<i>1. Fatte salve eventuali limitazioni
delle potenze riportate dal Piano nazionale di ripartizione delle
frequenze, le stazioni del servizio di radioamatore possono operare
con le seguenti potenze massime, definite come potenza di picco
(p.e.p) cioè potenza media fornita alla linea di alimentazione
dell'antenna durante un ciclo a radiofrequenza, in corrispondenza
della massima ampiezza dell'inviluppo di modulazione, classe A,
fisso o mobile/portatile 500 W.</i></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><i>Art. 16 Requisiti delle apparecchiature</i></b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<i>1. Le apparecchiature radioelettriche
utilizzate dalle stazioni di radioamatore acquistate, modificate o
autocostruite, <u><b>devono rispondere ai requisiti tecnici previsti dalla
normativa internazionale di settore</b></u>.</i></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<i>2 Le apparecchiature radioelettriche
impiegate nelle stazioni di radioamatore, ove predisposte ad operare
anche con bande di frequenze, classe di emissione o potenze diverse
da quelle assegnate dal piano nazionale di ripartizione delle
frequenze, devono comunque essere utilizzate nel rispetto delle norme
di esercizio di cui all.articolo 12."</i></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br />
Qualche dato in più ci arriva dalla precedente norma, il DPR
05 maggio 1966 n. 1214, che recita:<br />
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
"<i><b>Art.9 - Norme tecniche</b>
</i></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<i>Gli impianti delle stazioni di radioamatore, per quanto si riferisce alle installazioni delle radioapparecchiature, <u><b>debbono uniformarsi alle norme CEI</b></u> (Comitato Elettrotecnico Italiano) nonché alle norme appresso indicate ed alle altre che il Ministero delle poste e delle telecomunicazioni potrà eventualmente stabilire:</i></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<i>a) il radiotrasmettitore dovrà essere munito di stadio pilota; <b>la tolleranza di frequenza ammissibile non deve essere in nessun caso superiore a 0,05%</b>;</i></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<i>...</i></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<i>d) <u><b>le emissioni debbono essere esenti da armoniche e da emissioni parassite per quanto il progresso della tecnica lo consenta</b></u></i></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<i>...</i></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<i>i) ogni trasmettitore dovrà essere munito di <b>apparecchi di misura che permettano di controllare le condizioni di funzionamento degli apparecchi di emissione</b>.
Nel caso che la frequenza impiegata non sia suscettibile di essere regolata in modo che essa soddisfi alle tolleranze ammesse alla lettera a) del presente
articolo, la stazione deve essere dotata di un dispositivo atto a permettere la misura della frequenza con una precisione almeno uguale alla metà di detta tolleranza.</i>"<br />
<br />
Non è molto di aiuto. In particolare la frase "<i><u><b>le emissioni debbono essere esenti da armoniche e da emissioni parassite per quanto il progresso della tecnica lo consenta</b></u></i>" al giorno d'oggi non dice nulla.<br />
<br />
Quindi, quanto devono essere queste emissioni armoniche e parassite?<br />
<br />
<h3>
Il regolamento internazionale</h3>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br />
Qui ci vengono in aiuto le ITU Radio Regulations. L'<i><b>APPENDIX 3 (REV.WRC-12) Maximum permitted power levels for
unwanted emissions in the spurious domain</b></i> definisce che cos'è la banda utilizzata e ciò che gli sta attorno. Definisce anche il modo di misurare questi segnali:</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
"<i>11 The emission limits of this Appendix
apply to all emissions, including harmonic emissions, intermodulation
products, frequency conversion products and parasitic emissions, at
frequencies in the spurious domain (see Fig. 1). The upper and lower
parts of the spurious domain extend outward from a boundary
determined using Annex 1. (WRC-03)</i>"</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
Ed abbiamo anche una figura:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-w63DWddm-QY/XxdTNxYVDuI/AAAAAAAAZ9s/dSULq1T_X00iaXgcjptMyhhVQDJUV-ZaACPcBGAsYHg/s1600/FrequencyOfEmission.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="453" data-original-width="678" height="265" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-w63DWddm-QY/XxdTNxYVDuI/AAAAAAAAZ9s/dSULq1T_X00iaXgcjptMyhhVQDJUV-ZaACPcBGAsYHg/s400/FrequencyOfEmission.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
Tutto ciò è stato recepito dalla normativa europea <i><b>ETSI EN 301 783 V2.1.1 (2016-01), Commercially available amateur radio equipment; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU</b></i>.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
Peak Envelope Power</h3>
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<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
La definizione italiana riportata nel Codice delle Comunicazioni non è molto chiara. Riporto quella definita nella normativa europea:</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
"<i><b>4.6 PEP</b><br />The PEP is the average power in watts supplied to the artificial antenna by a transmitter during one RF cycle at the highest crest of the modulation envelope.</i>"</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
Non è la potenza di picco. E' il valor medio della potenza applicata ad un carico (da 50 Ω), misurata durante il picco massimo dell'inviluppo di modulazione. E' dato dal valore efficace della tensione misurata, magari con un oscilloscopio, ai capi del carico durante i picchi di modulazione, elevata al quadrato e divisa per il valore del carico. In pratica</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b>Vp² / (2 x Rl)</b></div>
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<br /></div>
<h3 style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;">
La normativa europea</h3>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;">
Le apparecchiature radio sono normate dalla <i><b>DIRETTIVA 2014/53/UE DEL PARLAMENTO EUROPEO E DEL CONSIGLIO</b></i> del 16 aprile 2014.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;">
Questa direttiva, nota come RED, riporta in Allegato 1 (<i>APPARECCHIATURE NON CONTEMPLATE DALLA PRESENTE DIRETTIVA</i>)</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;">
"<i><b>1. Apparecchiature radio utilizzate da radioamatori ai sensi dell'articolo 1, definizione 56, delle norme radio dell'Unione internazionale delle telecomunicazioni (ITU), tranne nel caso in cui le apparecchiature siano state messe a disposizione sul mercato. </b><br /> </i><br />
<i>Non sono considerati messi a disposizione sul mercato: <br />a) i kit di apparecchiature radio destinati a essere assemblati e utilizzati da radioamatori; <br />b) le apparecchiature radio modificate da radioamatori ad uso degli stessi; <br />c) le apparecchiature costruite da singoli radioamatori per scopi scientifici e sperimentali nel quadro dell'attività radioamatoriale.</i>"</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;">
Quindi non dovremo riomologare tutte le radio in nostro possesso, nuove, usate o autocostruite che siano.</div>
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</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;">
<u><b>Ma la legge ci impone ugualmente di usare correttamente lo spettro elettromagnetico</b></u>. Saremo quindi noi ad autocertificarci ciò che usiamo. E, per farlo, dovremo provarlo con misure.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;">
I numeri che abbiamo sono: 500 W PEP massimi nelle bande e modi consentiti e, come armoniche, ciò che è riportato nella ETSI EN 301 783.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;">
I valori delle spurie e delle armoniche devono essere:</div>
<ul>
<li>inferiori a -43 dBc negli apparati mobili SSB;</li>
<li>per frequenze inferiori a 30 MHz e per potenze PEP inferiori a 5 W non devono superare i -13 dBm; non superare i -50 dBc per potenze maggiori;</li>
<li>per frequenze superiori a 30 MHz non devono superare i -13 dBm (il limite di potenza è di 500 W PEP).</li>
</ul>
Ecco, per esempio, come si comporta un economico kit QRP acquistabile per pochi euro presso un noto rivenditore orientale:</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-H7s7Py1tAqE/Xxdag5gOh0I/AAAAAAAAZ-I/vE5O77fTJw8w0_f8jostxNkxuAVCgtV8ACPcBGAsYHg/s1600/ADV000.BMP" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-H7s7Py1tAqE/Xxdag5gOh0I/AAAAAAAAZ-I/vE5O77fTJw8w0_f8jostxNkxuAVCgtV8ACPcBGAsYHg/s400/ADV000.BMP" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
La seconda armonica è a ben 11 dBm, vale a dire -13 dBc...</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
Inutile dire che serve almeno un buon passa-basso per rientrare come armoniche.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
Tutte le prove e misure da effettuare sono riportate nei testi delle normative elencate nei Link Utili.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<h3>
In definitiva</h3>
Con questo non voglio demonizzare certi prodotti; in definitiva siamo degli sperimentatori, ed è giusto che proviamo e capiamo sempre cose nuove. Ma è comunque buona norma usare il buon senso prima di fidarsi di commenti come "<i>lo ascolto anche in venti metri, ma non dovrebbe disturbare data la bassa potenza...</i>", oppure "<i>se lo vendono allora non dà problemi...</i>".<br />
Esistono leggi, normative e regolamenti che vanno rispettati. E' anche per questo che siamo Radio Amatori.<br />
Pensiamoci su.<br />
<br />
<br />
<i><b>73 de Andy IV3ONZ</b></i><br />
<br />
<br />
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Link utili e bibliografia:</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.mise.gov.it/index.php/it/comunicazioni/radio/autorizzazioni-e-licenze/radioamatori" target="_blank">Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico - Radioamatori</a></li>
<li><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/IT/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32014L0053&from=EN" target="_blank">RED 2014/53/EU</a> </li>
<li><a href="https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/301700_301799/301783/02.01.01_60/en_301783v020101p.pdf" target="_blank">ETSI EN 301 783 V2.1.1 (2016-01)</a> </li>
<li><a href="https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REG-RR" target="_blank">ITU Radio Regulations</a> </li>
</ul>
<br />
<br /></div>
</div>
IV3ONZhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00562205404194107402noreply@blogger.com0